1,720,954 research outputs found
Pizza under the toppings: macro and microstructure of different Italian pizza types
No full textVarious kinds of pizza, different for dough base preparation, sauces and topping, are available according to the customs and traditions. Differences in dough preparation likely affect product structure. This work aimed at investigating the macro and microstructure of the most widespread pizza styles in Italy: Neapolitan Pizza (NP) and Romana Pizza (RP) with a doughy crust, and “Pizza al Piatto” (PP) with a crispy crust. Flour with high proteins (14%) and farinograph stability (8 min) was used for all the samples. Pizza-making processes differed for hydration, mixing, leavening, and baking conditions. The thickness and the honeycomb structure of both the outer edge and the internal disk bread were evaluated by Image Analysis and Light Microscopy. NP - which is defined as Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG) food by the European Commission (Council Regulation 97/2009) - exhibited a high outer edge (about 25mm) where the large alveoli (>3mm2) represented more than the 80% of the porous area even if their number was less than 10%. This organization was similar to that of RP and very different to that of PP, where small (2) and medium (1-3mm2) alveoli represented more than 25% of the porous area. The long home-made dough preparation (30min) and the long proofing step (12h at 25°C) of NP promoted the development of large alveoli and a network with thick protein strands (>200-300 micron) that were able to expand while baking in the wood-fired oven. Whereas, the mechanical kneading used for PP promotes the development of thin proteins strands (50-100micron) which were responsible for a less porous structure and a more crispy crust. In conclusion, dough-making process greatly affected pizza structure. Differences in structure between NP and PP lead us to investigate their digestibility
Effect of durum wheat genotype and environment on the heat-damage of dried pasta
No full textThe influence of the environment and genotype on the concentration of some semolina components involved in the Maillard Reaction (MR) during high temperature (HT) drying of pasta was determined in six varieties of durum wheat grown at two contrasting locations for two consecutive years. The extent of MR in HT dried pasta as determined by furosine level was found to be significantly related (r = 0.68; p < 0.05) with the amount of reducing sugars. Moreover, the susceptibility to MR appeared to be strictly dependent on α-amylase activity in both kernel (r = 0.70; p < 0.01) and semolina (r = 0.62; p < 0.01). The extent of MR showed a high heritability value, suggesting that genetic manipulation can be used to reduce the susceptibility to MR and preserve the nutritional value of wheat in HT dried pasta
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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