67 research outputs found
DIGITALE E CIRCOLARITÀ IN EDILIZIA. Le KETs per la gestione degli scartinell’Unione Europea /DIGITAL AND CIRCULARITY IN BUILDING. KETs for waste management in the European Union
No full textThe article analyses the potential and limitations of using enabling technologies of the dig-ital transition for construction and demolition waste in construction management (BIM,GIS, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Digital Manufacturing, Blockchain, Internet of Things,Digital Twin, Artificial Intelligence) in the context of the European Union. The study adoptsthe Scoping Review method to return the outcomes of a scientific literature review since2016, that is the year of the First European Circular Economy Action Plan and the first Se-lective Demolition Protocol. The results are classified by geographic origin, year of publi-cation, disciplinary field, number of citations, and content. The overall objective of the con-tribution is to identify scientifically validated contributions to refine further original lines ofresearch in the relationship between digital technologies and circularity culture in the con-struction sector
Medullary thyroid cancer: a promising model for targeted therapy
No full textIn recent years, the clinical validation of molecular targeted therapies inhibiting the action of pathogenic tyrosine kinase (TK) has been one of the most exciting developments in cancer research. In this context, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents a promising model. It is well known that in MTC, the RET receptor TK and its signal transduction pathways, lead to subsequent neoplastic transformation. Several strategies aimed at blocking the activation and signaling of RET have been preclinically tested. The most advanced results have been obtained by competitive inhibition of RET-TK activity by tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKI). However, although the inhibition of the RET pathway is actually one of the most studied for therapeutic purposes, other signal transduction pathways have been recognized to contribute to the growth and functional activity of MTC and are considered attractive therapeutic targets. To date, surgery represents the only curative treatment of MTC. Despite promising initial results, studies on targeted agents are in early stages and several issues regarding preclinical evaluations and clinical trials of new targeted agents in MTC are still unresolved. Now, available mouse models bearing mutations of RET or other genes, which spontaneously develop MTC, promise to improve preclinical evaluation of activity of targeted compounds. Furthermore, the rarity of the disease and the number of patients available for enrollment may lessen the relevance of clinical trials. A major effort needs to be made by endocrinologists and oncologists to refer their patients for multi-institutional trials in order to optimize them, perform translational studies and expedite the availability of novel beneficial selective therapies
Endocrine side-effects of anti-cancer drugs: mAbs and pituitary dysfunction: clinical evidence and pathogenic hypotheses
No full textmAbs are established targeted therapies for several diseases, including hematological and solid malignancies. These agents have shown a favorable toxicity profile, but, despite their high selectivity, new typical side-effects have emerged. In cancer patients, pituitary dysfunction may be mainly due to brain metastases or primary tumors and to related surgery and radiotherapy. Anticancer agents may induce hypopituitarism in patients cured for childhood cancers. These agents infrequently affect pituitary function in adult cancer patients. Notably, hypophysitis, a previously very rare disease, has emerged as a distinctive side-effect of ipilimumab and tremelimumab, two mAbs inhibiting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 receptor, being occasionally seen with nivolumab, another immune checkpoint inhibitor. Enhanced antitumor immunity is the suggested mechanism of action of these drugs and autoimmunity the presumptive mechanism of their toxicity. Recently, ipilimumab has been licensed for the treatment of patients affected by metastatic melanoma. With the expanding use of these drugs, hypophysitis will be progressively encountered by oncologists and endocrinologists in clinical practice. The optimal management of this potentially life-threatening adverse event needs a rapid and timely diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. Hypopituitarism caused by these agents is rarely reversible, requiring prolonged or lifelong substitutive hormonal treatment. Further studies are needed to clarify several clinical and pathogenic aspects of this new form of secondary pituitary dysfunction
Thyroid dysfunction as an unintended side effect of anticancer drugs
No full textSeveral of the currently used anticancer drugs may variably affect thyroid function, with impairment ranging from modified total but not free concentration of thyroid hormones to overt thyroid disease
Valutazione BIM-based ex ante dei rifiuti da C&D per la demolizione selettiva
No full textThe paper outlines a methodology for the preliminary assessment of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. In particular, the work focuses on the possibility of implementing selective demolition procedures, aimed at the punctual “deconstruction” of the building in order to streamline the materials and components reclamation operations, maximizing their reusability and/or recyclability potential. In this sense, the aim of the study is the elaboration of a BIM-based protocol for the pre-determination of material flows from demolition, through the standardization of the C&D waste production process. The protocol is in line with the Italian legislation and designed in the framework of the selective demolition site in compliance with the guiding criteria of the European legislation. The information derived from the application of the methodology fuels the knowledge system needed to frame the labelling of C&D products towards their possible reuse or recycling. Starting from the analysis of a case study, identified in the former Corradini industrial complex, located in the eastern area of Naples, the research experimentally developed the methodological articulation of the protocol, aiming at the quantification and management of waste flows, their pre-characterization according to
the CER code, and the planning of material flows towards reuse, recycling or landfill chains.
The research is the result of the PROSIT project - “Designing in Sustainability”, carried out by the Department of Architecture and the Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture of the University of Naples “Federico II” with the public-private consortium STRESS scarl and in collaboration with the Municipality of Naples
Attrezzature emergenti per lo spazio urbano Processi di upcycling per filiere circolari
No full textIl contributo presenta alcuni degli esiti della ricerca dell’U.O. di Napoli Federico II nel PRIN
2017 – Tech-Start, declinando i concetti di “emergent dwelling” e “convergent innovation”
nell’ambito degli obiettivi di Terza Missione della ricerca stessa. In particolare, il contributo descrive il processo metodologico, legato all’esperienza di co-design realizzata con la società Metellia, che ha condotto alla definizione di un progetto di un “Hub Urbano” inteso come nuova attrezzatura pubblica, non specialistica, volta ad estendere il ciclo di vita di particolari tipologie di prodotti (oggetti di arredo in legno e tessuti) e contestualmente ad innescare comportamenti virtuosi finalizzati alla sostenibilità ambientale, economico e sociale
Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in Cushing’s disease
No full textAdrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumor represents about 10 % of pituitary adenomas and at the time of diagnosis most of them are microadenomas. Transsphenoidal surgery is the first-line treatment of Cushing’s disease and accurate localization of the tumor within the gland is essential for selectively removing the lesion and preserving normal pituitary function. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the detection of pituitary tumors, but adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary microadenomas are not correctly identified in 30–50 % of cases, because of their size, location, and enhancing characteristics. Several recent studies were performed with the purpose of better localizing the adrenocorticotropin-secreting microadenomas through the use in magnetic resonance imaging of specific sequences, reduced contrast medium dose and high-field technology. Therefore, an improved imaging technique for pituitary disease is mandatory in the suspect of Cushing’s disease. The aims of this paper are to present an overview of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease and to provide a magnetic resonance imaging protocol to be followed in case of suspicion adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma
Role of Mitotane in Adrenocortical Carcinoma - Review and State of the art
No full textAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine tumour deriving from the adrenal cortex. A correct therapeutic strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach between endocrinologist, surgeon and oncologist. Surgery is the mainstay treatment in ACC while mitotane, deriving from the insecticide dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane, is the main base of the medical treatment of ACC in consideration of its adrenocytolitic activity. However, the use of mitotane as adjuvant therapy is still controversial, also in consideration of the retrospective nature of several studies. A prospective randomised trial (ADIUVO), recruiting patients with low-intermediate risk of recurrence, is evaluating the utility of adjuvant treatment with mitotane in this setting. The therapeutic response is observed with plasma levels of mitotane >14 mg/L. However, the major difficulty in the management of mitotane treatment is related to side effects and to the risk of toxicity, which is related to plasmatic levels >20 mg/L, that is considered the upper limit of the therapeutic window. Mitotane therapy results in adrenal insufficiency, and glucocorticoid replacement therapy has to be administered at higher doses than those used in other aetiologies of primary adrenal insufficiency. Furthermore, other endocrine side effects related to mitotane should be considered, in particular on thyroid hormone and testosterone metabolism. Waiting for new medical strategies on molecular targets, it will be mandatory to optimise the current knowledge by prospective trials and, in consideration of the rarity of the disease, collaborative studies between endocrinologists and oncologists are necessary
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