518 research outputs found

    Effects of particle size distribution and starting phase composition in Na-feldspar/kaolinite system at high temperature

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    Mullite-glass Gibbs energy of formation (ΔGeff), micro-texture and phase composition evolution are investigated in the Na-feldspar (F) and kaolinite (K) system, over the 1240-1320 °C interval, as a function of the starting F/K ratio by weight and particle size distribution of F (), using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic modeling. Electron microscopy images show that size and aspect ratio of primary and secondary mullite have their largest figures for the smallest and, in general, monotonically increase upon firing temperature. ΔGeff has been modeled by α()×(F/K)2+ß()×F/K+γ()(α,ß and γ are linear functions of ). The parameters of such a function have been determined by fitting it to the experimental ΔGeffs, inferred from quantitative phase analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns. We have gathered that (i) F/K affects energetics and mullite content more markedly than does, and (ii) the mullite formation is energetically favored by decreasing F/K and increasing

    Esthesioneuroblastoma : a general review of the cases published since the discovery of the tumour in 1924

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    Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) arises from the neuroepithelium in the olfactory rim of the nasal cavity. It accounts for about 3% of all intranasal tumours. Reviews since the first description by Berger and Luc in 1924 never reported more than a hundred cases, stressing the rarity of the tumour. However, a thorough literature review revealed a total of 945 reported cases. In our search we found a total of 1,457 cases chronicled in the literature of which perhaps 487 were cited in more than one paper, bringing the total of reported cases to 945. Author cases accounted for 198 and therefore collaborative efforts accounted for 747 cases. Sex distribution was 53.36% male and 46.64% female. Kadish classification was applied to 553 cases revealing 103 (18.29%) class A cases, 182 (32.33%) class B and 278 (49.38%) class C cases. This distribution was generally stable through the decades. Treatment could be classified in 898 cases. It consisted of surgery alone in 25.17% (226 cases), radiotherapy alone in 18.37% (165 cases), combined surgery and radiotherapy in 43.21% (388 cases) and chemotherapy in 13.2% (119 cases), followed in 11 cases (1.22%) by bone marrow transplant. In the reported cases an overall follow up could be evaluated in 477 cases, while in only 234 cases a five-year follow up was done. The outcome was 68.38% alive and disease free, 12.82% alive with disease and 18.80% dead. From these 20.51% had surgery only, 11.11% radiotherapy and 68.38% combined surgery and radiotherapy. The best survival rates were obtained by combined therapy (72.5% vs. 62.5% surgery alone and 53.85% radiotherapy alone). Death rates were highest after radiotherapy alone (30.77% versus 18.75% in combined therapy and 12.50% after surgery alone). In conclusion, ENB is a rare but not exceptional tumour. It is best treated with combined surgery and radiotherapy. Unfortunately early diagnosis is still uncommon and no significant changes to the proportions of Kadish classes at first diagnosis have been noted in recent decades. A greater awareness of the tumour and earlier diagnosis seems the major focus for future research

    La mappa dei sistemi informativi nell'economia digitale

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    L'utilizzo delle tecnologie informatiche all'interno delle aziende che competono nella moderna economia digitale porta allo sviluppo di molteplici sistemi informativi. Dalla contabilizzazione delle fatture alla gestione degli impianti produttivi, dal disegno tecnico alla realizzazione del catalogo dei prodotti aziendali, dai modelli di simulazione finanziaria alla posta elettronica, le applicazioni delle tecnologie informatiche alla vita aziendale sono numerose e diverse tra di loro. E soprattutto sono in costante evoluzione, grazie allo stimolo degli utenti che ogni giorno necessita di nuove informazioni e di nuove applicazioni per svolgere al meglio le loro attività e alla ricerca e sviluppo delle imprese produttrici che riversano sul mercato innovazioni continue per rispondere a tali bisogni. Per orientarsi nel mondo sempre più complesso dei sistemi informativi bisogna dotarsi si una mappa di riferimento, che aiuti a comprendere le finalità dei vari sistemi e sottosistemi con cui il management può attrezzare la gestione dell'impresa
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