172 research outputs found
Chronic norepinephrine infusion stimulates glucose uptake in white and brown adipose tissues
No full text Cold exposure activates the sympathetic nervous system and markedly stimulates glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissues [A. L. Vallerand, F. Perusse, and L. J. Bukowiecki. Am. J. Physiol 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R1043-R1049, 1990]. To test whether norepinephrine (NE) mimics the effects of cold exposure, we estimated the effects of chronic NE treatment on tissue glucose uptake by determining the glucose metabolic index using the 2-[1,2-3H(N)]deoxy-D-glucose method. NE was administered in conscious rats at various doses (ranging from 1.9 to 25.1 nmol.kg-1.min-1) during 4 days via minipumps implanted subcutaneously. At doses > 10 nmol.kg-1.min-1, NE maximally stimulated glucose uptake in interscapular brown adipose tissue (approximately 50 times above controls) and epididymal white adipose tissue (approximately 3 times above controls). NE infusion (18.8 nmol.kg-1.min-1) increased the circulating levels of NE from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 19.2 +/- 0.4 nM (P < 0.001), which is in the range of concentrations for the stimulatory effects of NE on glucose uptake in isolated brown adipocytes. At all concentrations tested, NE infusion did not stimulate glucose uptake in the heart and skeletal muscles. NE treatment did not significantly alter plasma insulin or glucose levels but increased the concentration of circulating free fatty acids. The capacity of brown adipose tissue for NE stimulation of glucose uptake (expressed per g of tissue) was much higher than that of white adipose tissue (100 times), various types of white or red skeletal muscles (10-80 times), or the heart (3-4 times).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) </jats:p
Oral capsaicinoid administration alters the plasma endocannabinoidome and fecal microbiota of reproductive-aged women living with overweight and obesity
No full textCapsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC–MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity
Critical Incidents in Group Counseling
No full textVirginia Kelly is a contributing author, Manipulation: \u27Pay Attention to Me\u27 (p. 159-161).
Book description: This practical text examines critical incidents—or frequently occurring problems—that arise in “real life” group counseling settings. The incidents provide a means to explore the difficult decisions that group leaders face and serve to create learning opportunities for further discussion. Leading experts and practitioners in the field analyze each incident and discuss the behavior of the group leader and group members to afford the reader with insight into best practices. Issues considered include confidentiality, member screening, establishing trust, goal development, dual relationships, coercion, self-disclosure, referrals, and termination. An excellent resource for counseling classes in group work, ethical and legal issues, and practicum, as well as a handy refresher for private practitioners.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/education-books/1041/thumbnail.jp
Changes Over Time in Masters Level School Counselor Education Programs
No full textA national survey regarding the preparation of entry-level school counseling students was conducted to assess changes over time that may have occurred in the credit hours, screening methods, faculty experiences, course content, fieldwork requirements, and importance of The Education Trust concepts. Key findings include increases in the number of faculty with school counseling experience and the number of programs requiring practicum and internship to be completed in a school setting, and decreases in the number of courses designed specifically for school counseling students and the importance of supervision. Author's Note
Cold exposure reverses inhibitory effects of fasting on peripheral glucose uptake in rats
No full text The effects of fasting and cold exposure on glucose uptake in skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior, quadriceps, and soleus), heart, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were studied in conscious rats. Glucose uptake was estimated by determining the glucose metabolic index of individual tissues using the 2-[3H]deoxyglucose method. Fasting for 18 h at 25 degrees C decreased plasma glucose levels (-40%) and glucose uptake in heart (-95%) and skeletal muscles (-64-90%) but did not significantly affect glucose uptake in BAT. Fasting for 48 h did not further decrease these parameters. On the other hand, cold exposure (48 h at 5 degrees C) of fed animals did not alter plasma glucose levels but increased glucose uptake in heart (73%), skeletal muscles (126-326%), and particularly in BAT (95-fold). Remarkably, cold exposure stimulated glucose uptake in BAT and skeletal muscles of 18-h fasted rats by the same order of magnitude as in fed animals (percentagewise), thereby indicating that glucose represents an essential metabolite for shivering (muscles) and nonshivering (BAT) thermogeneses. In the heart of starved animals, the cold-induced increase in glucose uptake was even more important (8-fold) than in fed animals. Considering that cold exposure of fasted rats results in a severe insulinopenia, it is suggested that cold exposure stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissues primarily by enhancing glucose oxidation via insulin-independent pathways. </jats:p
Stimulatory effects of cold exposure and cold acclimation on glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissues
No full text The effects of cold exposure on the net rates of 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose uptake (Ki) in rat peripheral tissues were investigated comparatively in warm- and cold-acclimated animals to determine whether cold acclimation induces regulatory alterations in glucose metabolism. Acute exposure of warm-acclimated (25 degrees C) rats to cold (48 h at 5 degrees C) markedly increased the Ki values in red and white skeletal muscles (2-5 times), in the heart (8 times), in several white adipose tissue (WAT) depots (4-20 times), and in brown adipose tissue (BAT) (110 times). After cold acclimation (3 wk at 5 degrees C), the Ki values further increased in the heart (15 times) and WAT (up to 29 times) but decreased in BAT (36 times). Remarkably, glucose uptake was still increased in muscles of cold-exposed/cold-acclimated animals (that do not shiver), demonstrating that enhanced glucose uptake may occur in muscles in the absence of shivering thermogenesis (or contractile activity). When cold-acclimated rats were returned to the warm for 18 h, the Ki values of all tissues, except WAT, returned to control levels. Cold exposure synergistically potentiated the stimulation of tissue glucose uptake induced by a maximal effective dose of insulin (0.5 U/kg iv) in warm- as well as in cold-acclimated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) </jats:p
School counselors' perceptions of their changing roles and responsibilities
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
Cold exposure potentiates the effect of insulin on in vivo glucose uptake
No full textThe effects of cold exposure (48 h at 4 degrees C) and insulin injection (0.5 U/kg iv) on the rates of net 2-[3H]deoxyglucose uptake (Ki) in peripheral tissues were investigated in warm-acclimated rats (25 degrees C). Cold exposure and insulin treatment independently increased Ki values in skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis), heart, white adipose tissue (subcutaneous, gonadal, and retroperitoneal), and brown adipose tissue (P less than 0.01). The effects of cold exposure were particularly evident in brown adipose tissue where the Ki increased greater than 100 times. When the two treatments were combined (insulin injection in cold-exposed rats), it was found that cold exposure synergistically enhanced the maximal insulin responses for glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue, all white adipose tissue depots, and skeletal muscles investigated. The results indicate that cold exposure induces an "insulin-like" effect on Ki that does not appear to be specifically associated with shivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, because that effect was observed in all insulin-sensitive tissues. The data also demonstrate that cold exposure significantly potentiates the maximal insulin responses for glucose uptake in the same tissues. This potentialization may result from an enhanced responsiveness of peripheral tissues to insulin, possibly occurring at metabolic steps lying beyond the insulin receptor and an increased tissue blood flow augmenting glucose and insulin availability and thereby amplifying glucose uptake.</jats:p
EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACODEPENDENCE. OPIATE AND AMPHETAMINE INTRAVENOUS SELF-ADMINISTRATION ANIMAL MODELS
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