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    Secondary Gas Injection Effect on Dual-Bell Nozzle Flow Transition

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    Dual bell nozzles represent a possible solution to improve the performance of large liquid rocket engines for launcher first stages. During the low-altitude mode, the flow is separated and the separation line is located near the inflection of the nozzle wall, in a region characterized by a negative value of the wall pressure gradient and where side loads may occur. At high altitude the flow attaches to the nozzle wall and the full area ratio is used. The flow behavior during the transition between the two operating modes is analyzed by time-accurate simulations carried out on an axi-symmetric geometry and considering two configurations: one with a wall film cooling and the other without film. Aim of this study is to analyze the eect of the secondary gas injection on the dynamics of the separation point and on the transition time. Results show that film injection may substantially change the characteristic transition time and evolution

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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