1,721,015 research outputs found
La vente illicite de la cocaïne aux États-Unis : David F. Musto, Illicit price of cocaine in two eras : 1908-14 and 1982-89, in Pharm. in Hist., 33, 1991, n° 1, p. 3-10
No full textCoignerai-Devillers Lucie. La vente illicite de la cocaïne aux États-Unis : David F. Musto, Illicit price of cocaine in two eras : 1908-14 and 1982-89, in Pharm. in Hist., 33, 1991, n° 1, p. 3-10. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 79ᵉ année, n°291, 1991. pp. 484-485
STANDARDIZED ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SWALLOWING AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS.
Full text linkBACKGROUND AND AIMS. Swallowing is a complex function which needs coordination between all the structures involved. To date a non-invasive method for the instrumental evaluation of oro-pharyngeal phase of swallowing is lacking. The aims of this study were: phase 1) to develop an electromyographical (EMG) protocol for the assessment of submental muscles (SM), to demonstrate its repeatability and to apply it to maximal voluntary clench (MVC), to quantify the relative contribution of SM; phase 2) to electromyographically analyse the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing finding a standardized and repeatable protocol, to find the physiological muscular pattern involved and to draw the standard model. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In 20 healthy subjects, aged 19-35 years, surface electromyography of SM, masseter (MM) and anterior temporalis (TA) muscles was performed; for phase 1, during maximal voluntary clenching (MVC) with and without cotton rolls and the pushing of the tongue against the palate, while for phase 2 during swallowing. Clenching on cotton rolls and pushing the tongue against the palate were used to standardise respectively MM and TA, and SM muscular potentials. Both phases were repeated in two appointments (T1-T2); submental muscles standardisation (during phase 1) and swallowing (during phase 2) were also repeated twice (A-B) in each session to assess repeatability. RESULTS. Phase 1: symmetry and activity were calculated for each couple of muscles. A two-way analysis of variance was computed for SM: no Factor 1 (T1 vs T2) or Factor 2 (A vs B) or F1 X F2 significant effects were found. SM recruitment was 31% of the maximal activity, with symmetry values larger than 80%. Phase 2: symmetry, activity and duration of activation for each couple of muscles were detected. In addition the duration of the whole exercise and the time of the maximal spike of activation for each muscle were evaluated. A two-way analysis of variance similar to the one of phase 1 was computed : no Factor 1 (T1 vs T2) or Factor 2 (A vs B) or F1 X F2 significant effects were found. Symmetry values were close to 80% for all the muscles, recruitment values were between 22 and 28% of the maximal activity for all the muscles with differences between all the muscles (the MM were the less recruited, while the TA were the most activated). Also the duration of activation of each couple of muscles resulted to be different between all the couples, the MM showed the shortest activation (an average value of approximately 1 s), while the submental muscles the longest one (an average value of more than 1.5 s). The duration of the whole swallowing was found to be between 1.5 and 2 s. Finally, the results showed that all the couples of muscles had their spike of activation between 35.87 and 42.65% of their total duration of activation. The sEMG graphic assessment of the position of the spike was reliable (two-way analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS. The protocol demonstrated a high repeatability of the EMG indexes both intra and inter-appointment for MVC. Regarding swallowing it is reported that the protocol was repeatable for all the analysed indexes, although an high inter-individual variability. These results are probably due to the existence of different physiological models of swallowing among healthy population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
ssEMG assessment of a new tool for the management of 3D vertical dimension of occlusion in prosthetic dental rehabilitations: A case report
No full textIn oral rehabilitation the new dental morphology requires changes in the occlusal relations and in case of whole dental arch restoration also the mandibular position can undergo three-dimensional spatial modifications. Overloads and/or altered distributions of the stresses on the temporomandibular joint, teeth and bones may therefore result with not clearly understood consequences. In the present case report a new tool -Vertical Tester- designed to manage the 3D vertical occlusion during an implant retained full mouth rehabilitation was combined with standardized surface electromyographic (ssEMG) analysis in order to respect the masticatory muscle symmetry and coordination. The Authors conclude that the standardized surface electromyography of the masticatory muscles coupled with custom made centric relation registration device is an easy to use procedure to reduce torsional strains on the oral hard structures
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
