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Role of TIR8/SIGIRR, a negative regulator of IL-1/TLR signaling, in the pulmonary immune response to pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Role of TIR8/SIGIRR, a negative regulator of IL-1/TLR signaling, in the pulmonary immune response to pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
No full textTIR8/SIGIRR is a member of the IL-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (TLR/IL-1R) superfamily, expressed by epithelial cells and immature dendritic cells, which negatively regulates the TLR/IL-1R signaling pathway leading to NF-kB activation and inflammatory responses. NF-kB, by regulating the transcription of genes for numerous inflammatory factors including IL-6 and CXCL1, is a central mediator of the lung epithelial cell response to the infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative pathogen that can cause serious lung infection in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. On the other side, uncontrolled cytokine release leads to pathological response that inhibit bacterial clearance. To study the role of TIR8/SIGIRR in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa-induced lung immunopathology in vivo, Tir8-deficient mice and wild-type mice were intratracheally inoculated with laboratory strain PAO1 Seattle. The absence of TIR8/SIGIRR had a deleterious effect on the host in terms of mortality and clearance of P. aeruginosa from the lung in an acute model of infection, as reflected by an increased number of colony-forming units (cfu) (P < 0.05, Tir8 -/- mice vs. Tir8+/+ mice). Increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa was also associated to an exacerbated local production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-23) and chemokines (KC, MIP-2, JE, IFNγ, MIP-1α, RANTES and EOTAXIN) in lungs and serum. These results suggest that TIR8/SIGIRR, by negatively regulating NF-kB activity, plays a key role in modulating lung inflammation due to P. aeruginosa which, if uncontrolled, is responsible of inhibition of bacterial clearance and exacerbation of tissue pathology
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Role of TIR8/SIGIRR, a negative regulator of IL-1/TLR signaling, in the pulmonary immune response to pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
No full textTIR8, also known as SIGIRR (single Ig IL-1-related receptor), is an orphan receptor member of IL-1 receptor/Toll-like (IL-1R/TLR) receptor super family. Recent evidence suggests that it is an inhibitor of IL-1R/TLR signalling, acting as a decoy for key components of the cascade. TIR8 activity seems to be specific for IL-1/TLR members, as it exerts its negative regulatory function on IL-1, IL-18 and several TLR ligand-dependent NF-kB activation. Its negative regulatory function is mediated through the direct effect on signal-induced NF-kB and JNK activation.
NF-kB, by regulating the transcription of genes for numerous inflammatory factors including IL-6 and CXCL1, is a central mediator of the lung epithelial cell response to the infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative pathogen that can cause serious lung infection in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. In response to P. aeruginosa infection, NF-kB is rapidly translocated to the nuclei of airway epithelial cells and several studies have demonstrate the critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as mediators of NF-kB translocation, but neither TLR2, TLR4, nor TLR5 was individually required for this early response, whereas it have been proved that the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), which transduces its response via MyD88, plays an important role in the response to P. aeruginosa in respiratory epithelial cells.
In order to examined the role of TIR8/SIGIRR during lung infection with P. aeruginosa, we compare the percent survival, bacterial outgrowth and local production of cytokines and chemokines in Tir8 -/- and wild-type mice during respiratory tract infection with this pathogen
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Tuning of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors by TIR8/SIGIRR, a member of the IL-1 receptor family with unique structure and regulation
No full textThus, TIR8 represents a negative pathway of regulation of the IL-1R/TLR system, with a unique pattern of expression in epithelial cells and DC, crucial for tuning inflammation at mucosal surfaces, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract. Further research is needed to explore the role of TIR8 in controlling inflammation at other mucosal tissues and to investigate its expression and involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases, in particular in inflammatory bowel disease
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