1,721,171 research outputs found
La posizione dell’Italia nei settori ad alta tecnologia: un’analisi dei dati di brevetto 2001-2003
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PROGRESSI IN MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA DEL PIEDE VOL 18 "PATOLOGIA DEGENERATIVA DEL RETRO PIEDE"
No full text“Innovation and Market Structure in the Dynamics of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology: Towards a History-Friendly Model”
No full textThis paper is a first attempt at modelling the long-term dynamics of market structure and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry in a history-friendly way. The model examines the relationships between the nature of the search space, demand, the patterns of competition, and industry evolution in the age of random screening and in the age of molecular biology, and shows that concentration in the pharmaceutical industry is shaped by lack of cumulativeness in innovative activities and market fragmentation. The model conforms to our appreciative understanding and responds to changes in parameters concerning demand, costs, economies of scale, opportunity conditions and the relative advantages of new biotechnology firms (NBFs) vis-à-vis incumbents. With the exception of cost increases, the model is quite robust to these changes in its essential features: it is quite difficult to raise substantially concentration and to have NBFs displacing incumbents
Modelli History friendly della evoluzione delle industrie: il caso dell'industria dei computer
No full textIn this paper, we review and discuss the main features of a new generation of evolutionary models: "history-friendly" models. They aim to capture, in a stylized form, qualitative and "appreciative" theories about the mechanisms and factors affecting industry evolution, technological advance and institutional change. In particular, "history-friendly" models are meant to build a bridge between highly abstract formal models and more appreciative, empirically driven theorizing. In this paper, we discuss a model of the computer industry which is able to replicate some main stylized facts of the evolution of this sector. On these grounds, we discuss theory-driven counterfactuals, alternative diversification strategies and the effect of antitrust policie
The magnitude of innovation by demand in a sectoral system: the role of industrial users in semiconductors
No full text"Schumpeterian patterns of innovation are technology-specific"
No full textThis paper examines the patterns of innovative activities at the technological and country levels, using patent data for 49 technological classes in six countries (USA, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom and Italy). It is shown that the patterns of innovative activities differ systematically across technological classes, but are remarkably similar across countries for each technological class. In particular, two groups of technological classes are identified: 'Schumpeter Mark I' and 'Schumpeter Mark II'. In these two groups innovative activities are structured and organized in different ways. The first represents a widening pattern: concentration of innovative activities is low, innovators are of small economic size, stability in the ranking of innovators is low and entry of new innovators is high. The second represents a deepening pattern: concentration of innovative activities is higher than in the first group, innovators are of larger economic size, stability in the ranking of innovators is greater, and entry is lower. The former group comprises mechanical technologies and traditional sectors, while the latter includes chemicals and electronics. This result suggests that technology-related factors (such as technological regimes, defined in terms of conditions of opportunity, appropriability, cumulativeness and properties of the knowledge base) play a major role in determining the specific pattern of innovative activities of a technological class across countries. Within these constraints, country-specific factors introduce differences across countries in the pattern of innovative activities for a specific technological class. Finally, the relationships between the specific features of the patterns of innovative activities and international technological specialization are examined. Technological advantages appear in general to be linked to higher degrees of asymmetries among innovators, higher stability of the ranking of innovators, smaller economic size of the innovating firms and lower entry rates of new innovators. These relationships, however, are different in the two groups of technological classes. In Schumpeter Mark I (widening) technological classes, international technological specialization is associated with relatively higher degrees of asymmetries among innovators and entry of new innovators (as well as smaller firm size) while in Schumpeter II (deepening) technological classes, international technological specialization is linked to the existence of a stable but competitive core of persistent innovators
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