2,146 research outputs found
Critical vertices in k-connected digraphs
No full textIt is proved that every non-complete, finite digraph of connectivity number k has a fragment F containing at most k critical vertices. The following result is a direct consequence: every k-connected, finite digraph D of minimum out- and indegree at least 2k+m−1 for positive integers k, m has a subdigraph H of minimum outdegree or minimum indegree at least m−1 such that D−x is k-connected for all x∈V(H). For m=1, this implies immediately the existence of a vertex of indegree or outdegree less than 2k in a k-critical, finite digraph, which was proved in Mader (J Comb Theory (B) 53:260–272, 1991). The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s12188-016-0173-y
Neue deutsche Ausgrabungen, unter Mitwirkung von W. Andrae, G. Bersu, F. Birkner, A. Brueckner, E. Buschor, F. Fremersdorf, A. von Gerkan, K. Hörmann, H. Junker, G. Karo, J. Keil, A. Kiekebusch, F. Kutsch, H. Lehner, S. Loeschke, A. E. Mader, F. Oelmann, Ch. Rauch, P. Reinecke, M. Schede, Α. Μ. Schneider, C. Schuchhardt, A. Stieren, W. Unverzagt, J. Vonderau, G. Welter, Th. Wiegand, herausgegeben von Gerhart Rodenwaldt, mit einem Vorwort von Georg Schreiber, (Deutschtum und Ausland, Studien zum Auslanddeutschtum und zur Auslandkultur, herausgegeben von Georg Schreiber, 23-24 Heft), 1930
No full textBulard M. Neue deutsche Ausgrabungen, unter Mitwirkung von W. Andrae, G. Bersu, F. Birkner, A. Brueckner, E. Buschor, F. Fremersdorf, A. von Gerkan, K. Hörmann, H. Junker, G. Karo, J. Keil, A. Kiekebusch, F. Kutsch, H. Lehner, S. Loeschke, A. E. Mader, F. Oelmann, Ch. Rauch, P. Reinecke, M. Schede, Α. Μ. Schneider, C. Schuchhardt, A. Stieren, W. Unverzagt, J. Vonderau, G. Welter, Th. Wiegand, herausgegeben von Gerhart Rodenwaldt, mit einem Vorwort von Georg Schreiber, (Deutschtum und Ausland, Studien zum Auslanddeutschtum und zur Auslandkultur, herausgegeben von Georg Schreiber, 23-24 Heft), 1930. In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 33, 1931, n°3. pp. 290-291
Neue deutsche Ausgrabungen, unter Mitwirkung von W. Andrae, G. Bersu, F. Birkner, A. Brueckner, E. Buschor, F. Fremersdorf, A. von Gerkan, K. Hörmann, H. Junker, G. Karo, J. Keil, A. Kiekebusch, F. Kutsch, H. Lehner, S. Loeschke, A. E. Mader, F. Oelmann, Ch. Rauch, P. Reinecke, M. Schede, Α. Μ. Schneider, C. Schuchhardt, A. Stieren, W. Unverzagt, J. Vonderau, G. Welter, Th. Wiegand, herausgegeben von Gerhart Rodenwaldt, mit einem Vorwort von Georg Schreiber, (Deutschtum und Ausland, Studien zum Auslanddeutschtum und zur Auslandkultur, herausgegeben von Georg Schreiber, 23-24 Heft), 1930
No full textBulard M. Neue deutsche Ausgrabungen, unter Mitwirkung von W. Andrae, G. Bersu, F. Birkner, A. Brueckner, E. Buschor, F. Fremersdorf, A. von Gerkan, K. Hörmann, H. Junker, G. Karo, J. Keil, A. Kiekebusch, F. Kutsch, H. Lehner, S. Loeschke, A. E. Mader, F. Oelmann, Ch. Rauch, P. Reinecke, M. Schede, Α. Μ. Schneider, C. Schuchhardt, A. Stieren, W. Unverzagt, J. Vonderau, G. Welter, Th. Wiegand, herausgegeben von Gerhart Rodenwaldt, mit einem Vorwort von Georg Schreiber, (Deutschtum und Ausland, Studien zum Auslanddeutschtum und zur Auslandkultur, herausgegeben von Georg Schreiber, 23-24 Heft), 1930. In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 33, 1931, n°3. pp. 290-291
Matrix metalloproteinase expression and inhibition after sciatic nerve axotomy
No full textWallerian degeneration is characterized by breakdown of myelin and axons with subsequent macrophage infiltration and removal of the degenerating nerve components. Proteinases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family seem to play an important role in demyelinating processes, since some of their members have been shown to cleave myelin basic protein. In the present study we investigated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B) during myelin removal after peripheral nerve trauma. After transection of the sciatic nerve an upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with a first peak 12 h and a second peak 48 h after axotomy was observed by zymography. These peaks correlate with the breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier, the accumulation of granulocytes, and the invasion of macrophages into the damaged nerves, respectively. Furthermore, MMP-2 was found to be upregulated in the contralateral nontransected nerves. Immunocytochemistry for MMP-9 and in situ zymography identified MMP-reactive cells within the distal nerve stump. Chloracetate esterase staining was used to detect granulocytes, which accumulated at the transection site and were colocalized with the in situ zymography signal. Wallerian degeneration of the transected nerve could be delayed either by intraperitoneal injections of hydroxamate (Ro 31-9790), a nonspecific MMP inhibitor, or by local application of an MMP-9-specific antibody. Following these treatment strategies, a decreased number of invading macrophages was seen in the nerves associated with an increased amount of preserved myelin sheaths. These results suggest that the invasion of macrophages into a transected peripheral nerve is accompanied by an increased expression of MMPs, particularly MMP-9. Thus, MMPs may seem to play an important role in the breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier and subsequent cell recruitment from the systemic circulation into the damaged nerve
Matrix metalloproteinase expression and inhibition after sciatic nerve axotomy
No full textWallerian degeneration is characterized by breakdown of myelin and axons with subsequent macrophage infiltration and removal of the degenerating nerve components. Proteinases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family seem to play an important role in demyelinating processes, since some of their members have been shown to cleave myelin basic protein. In the present study we investigated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B) during myelin removal after peripheral nerve trauma. After transection of the sciatic nerve an upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with a first peak 12 h and a second peak 48 h after axotomy was observed by zymography. These peaks correlate with the breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier, the accumulation of granulocytes, and the invasion of macrophages into the damaged nerves, respectively. Furthermore, MMP-2 was found to be upregulated in the contralateral nontransected nerves. Immunocytochemistry for MMP-9 and in situ zymography identified MMP-reactive cells within the distal nerve stump. Chloracetate esterase staining was used to detect granulocytes, which accumulated at the transection site and were colocalized with the in situ zymography signal. Wallerian degeneration of the transected nerve could be delayed either by intraperitoneal injections of hydroxamate (Ro 31-9790), a nonspecific MMP inhibitor, or by local application of an MMP-9-specific antibody. Following these treatment strategies, a decreased number of invading macrophages was seen in the nerves associated with an increased amount of preserved myelin sheaths. These results suggest that the invasion of macrophages into a transected peripheral nerve is accompanied by an increased expression of MMPs, particularly MMP-9. Thus, MMPs may seem to play an important role in the breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier and subsequent cell recruitment from the systemic circulation into the damaged nerve
Migration of human granulocytes through reconstituted basement membrane is not dependent on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
No full textTransmigration of human granulocytes across a basal lamina equivalent was studied in vitro. Transwell(R) inserts were coated with Matrigel(R), a reconstituted basement membrane. Granulocytes (2 x 10(6)) were applied to the upper chamber. As chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8; 25 ng/ml) was added to the lower chamber. After 1 h of migration, cells were counted in the lower chamber. Specific hydroxamate inhibitors of MMPs (BB-3103, Ro 31-9790) or of serine proteases (Pefabloc(R), leupeptin) were added at various concentrations to both chambers before the start of migration. Additional experiments were performed with alpha (2)-macroglobulin, a natural inhibitor of MMPs and a monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks the activity of MMP-9. Migration of granulocytes through Matrigel could not be reduced significantly by any of the MMP inhibitors. A dose-dependent impairment of transmigration was only found with Pefabloc, however, this substance also induced severe morphological changes of the cells. The other inhibitor of serine proteases, leupeptin, did not influence migration at all. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its specific inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by zymography in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In contrast to patients with inflammatory diseases, MMP-9 levels were not elevated in CSF of ALS patients. In serum, however, compared to healthy donors, MMP-9 was significantly (p=0.0003) increased up to levels as high as those of viral meningoencephalitis (VM) or bacterial meningitis. (BM) patients. MMP-9 levels remained elevated during long-term observation of ALS patients. In the absence of an inflammatory response, the results indicate that the increase of MMP-9 in serum of ALS patients might be caused by upregulation of MMP-9 in denervated muscles or in degenerating peripheral nerves following motor neurone loss. NeuroReport 11:3419-3422 (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Analysis of the electrical resistivity of Ti, Mo, Ta and W monocristalline disilicides, J.Appl.Phys. 65(4), 1584 (1989)
No full textMader, Stella (Birth, 1891-02-01)
No full textAddress: Central Ave.1184/Pg.30/1891/F W/Cinti. Ohio/Cinti. Ohio/Mrs Hardt- MidwifeOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'MACK, R-MAIN'
Mader, Nettie (Birth, 1885-08-05)
No full textAddress: Straight4772/Pg 234/1885/F W/Ger./Ger./Mrs Hardt,Mid.Original record filed in drawer labeled 'MACK, R-MAIN'
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