239 research outputs found
Towards Automated Processing of Folk Song Recordings
No full textFolk music is closely related to the musical culture of a
specific nation or region. Even though folk songs have been
passed down mainly by oral tradition, most musicologists study
the relation between folk songs on the basis of symbolic music
descriptions, which are obtained by transcribing recorded tunes
into a score-like representation. Due to the complexity of
audio recordings, once having the transcriptions, the original
recorded tunes are often no longer used in the actual folk song
research even though they still may contain valuable
information. In this paper, we present various techniques for
making audio recordings more easily accessible for music
researchers. In particular, we show how one can use
synchronization techniques to automatically segment and
annotate the recorded songs. The processed audio recordings can
then be made accessible along with a symbolic transcript by
means of suitable visualization, searching, and navigation
interfaces to assist folk song researchers to conduct large
scale investigations comprising the audio material
The Risk of Childhood Leukaemia in the Vicinity of Nuclear Installations: a review
No full textSince the early years of the peaceful use of atomic energy there has been a debate on possible adverse health effects due the radioactive discharges from the reactors. While this discussion was focussed on infant mortality in the 1960s (1), it is since the 1980s mainly based on findings of increased numbers of leukaemia cases. In 1984 there was the famous report on a ten-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among young people close to the Sellafield reprocessing plant (2). Further local excesses were reported such as from the second British reprocessing plant Dounreay in Scotland (3) and from the German nuclear power station Kruemmel (4, 5). Each of these reports led to a number of further investigations to find possible explanations. Partly based on these investigations, the hypothesis of population mixing as a cause of an increased leukaemia risk was developed by Kinlen (6).
Next to these local studies, larger multi-site studies were launched in several countries, e.g. UK, France and Germany. The population under study were mostly children at ages below 15 years. The multi-site studies revealed no elevated leukaemia risk among all children (see (7)). Still, some studies showed that there might be an elevated risk for the youngest age group (0-4 years) in the closest vicinity of the sites (about up to 5 km).
All the multi-site studies were ecological studies which compared the mortality or incidence rates in certain areas around the nuclear sites. Until recently and except one study conducted in relation to the excess cases found near the Sellafield site (8), there were no case-control studies or cohort studies looking into a relationship between living close to a nuclear site and the risk of leukaemia among children. Early 2008, a case-control study from Germany, which looked at 16 nuclear sites with overall 22 power stations, reported a trend for an increasing leukaemia risk among 0-4 years old children with decreasing distance of place of residence to the sites (9). This trend could be detected even when not taking the cases near the Kruemmel site into consideration. Within the 5-km circle around the sites, the leukaemia risk was roughly twofold increased.
As already mentioned, taking all internationally available ecological studies together, there is no hint for an increased leukaemia risk in the vicinity of nuclear installations for all children below the age of 15 (7). Thus, an elevated risk amongst the 0-4 years old would imply a lower risk amongst the 5-14 years old. That is exactly what can be seen based on German data (10). A recent re-analysis of extended data from Great Britain, which was first reported by COMARE (11), showed no increased risk for all children, but a higher risk for 0-4 years old than for those being 5-14 years of age. This risk was although not statistically significant highest within the 5-km-circle (12). For France, no elevated risks were found close to nuclear installations (13). Still, the values for the relative risks though lower than expected are higher amongst the 0-4 years old than they are for the other children.
A highly speculative assumption is that a yet undefined agent causes by gene-environment interaction an earlier onset of the disease close to the sites amongst vulnerable children (14). If so, this would explain the absence of additional cases among children of all ages.
Based on current knowledge on radiation risk, the radiation exposure to the public has to be considered as being too low by a factor of at least 1,000 to explain the observed effect described in the German study (9). But is has to be kept in mind that little is known about radiation effects from antenatal exposures or those during infancy on the leukaemia risk for ages up to 4 years.
References
1. L. A. Sagan, The infant mortality controversy. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 25, 26-28 (1969).
2. D. Black, Investigation of the possible increased incidence of cancer in West Cumbria. Report of the Independent Advisory Group. HMSO, London, 1984.
3. S. Darby and R. Doll, Fallout, radiation doses near Dounreay, and childhood leukaemia. BMJ 294, 603-606 (1987).
4. B. Grosche, D. Lackland, L. Mohr, J. Dunbar, J. Nicholas, W. Burkart and D. Hoel, Leukaemia in the vicinity of two tritium-releasing nuclear facilities: a comparison of the Kruemmel Site, Germany, and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. J Radiol Prot 19, 243-252. (1999).
5. W. Hoffmann, H. Dieckmann and I. Schmitz-Feuerhake, A cluster of childhood leukemia near a nuclear reactor in northern Germany. Arch Environ Health 52, 275-280. (1997).
6. L. J. Kinlen, F. O'Brien, K. Clarke, A. Balkwill and F. Matthews, Rural population mixing and childhood leukaemia: effects of the North Sea oil industry in Scotland, including the area near Dounreay nuclear site. BMJ 306, 743-748. (1993).
7. D. Laurier, B. Grosche and P. Hall, Risk of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear installations-- findings and recent controversies. Acta Oncol 41, 14-24 (2002).
8. M. J. Gardner, M. P. Snee, A. J. Hall, C. A. Powell, S. Downes and J. D. Terrell, Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria. BMJ 300, 423-429. (1990).
9. P. Kaatsch, C. Spix, R. Schulze-Rath, S. Schmiedel and M. Blettner, Leukaemia in young children living in the vicinity of German nuclear power plants. Int J Cancer 122, 721-726 (2008).
10. U. Kaletsch, R. Meinert, A. Miesner, M. Hoisl, P. Kaatsch and J. Michaelis, Epidemiologische Studien zum Auftreten von Leukämieerkrankungen bei Kindern in Deutschland. BMU, Bonn, 1997.
11. COMARE, Tenth Report: The incidence of childhood cancer around nuclear installation in Great Britain. p. 46. HPA, 2005.
12. J. Bithell, Childhood Leukemia near British nuclear installations: methodological issues and recent results. In ICNIRP/WHO/BfS International Workshop on Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia, Berlin, 2008.
13. M. L. White-Koning, D. Hemon, D. Laurier, M. Tirmarche, E. Jougla, A. Goubin and J. Clavel, Incidence of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear sites in France, 1990-1998. Br J Cancer 91, 916-922 (2004).
14. D. Sinnett, N. N'Diaye, P. St-Onge and J. Healy, La leucémie de lenfant : Une maladie génétique!. Med Sci (Paris) 23, 968-974 (2007)
Bi-directional optical amplifiers for long-distance fibre links
No full textBi-directional optical frequency links for phase-stabilized frequency transfer require bi-directional amplifiers. Here we present some results from the development and test of two types of bidirectional amplifiers, Er +-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and fibre Brillouin amplifiers (FBA). to be deployed along a fiber link connecting SYRTE/France and PTB/Germany. © 2013 IEEE
Single cell genomics-based analysis of gene content and expression of prophages in a diffuse-flow deep-sea hydrothermal system
No full text© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Labonte, J. M., Pachiadaki, M., Fergusson, E., McNichol, J., Grosche, A., Gulmann, L. K., Vetriani, C., Sievert, S. M., & Stepanauskas, R. Single cell genomics-based analysis of gene content and expression of prophages in a diffuse-flow deep-sea hydrothermal system. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, (2019): 1262, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01262.Phage–host interactions likely play a major role in the composition and functioning of many microbiomes, yet remain poorly understood. Here, we employed single cell genomics to investigate phage–host interactions in a diffuse-flow, low-temperature hydrothermal vent that may be reflective of a broadly distributed biosphere in the subseafloor. We identified putative prophages in 13 of 126 sequenced single amplified genomes (SAGs), with no evidence for lytic infections, which is in stark contrast to findings in the surface ocean. Most were distantly related to known prophages, while their hosts included bacterial phyla Campylobacterota, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Proteobacteria, Lentisphaerae, Spirochaetes, and Thermotogae. Our results suggest the predominance of lysogeny over lytic interaction in diffuse-flow, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, despite the high activity of the dominant Campylobacteria that would favor lytic infections. We show that some of the identified lysogens have co-evolved with their host over geological time scales and that their genes are transcribed in the environment. Functional annotations of lysogeny-related genes suggest involvement in horizontal gene transfer enabling host’s protection against toxic metals and antibacterial compounds.This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Dimensions of Biodiversity Program [OCE-1136488 (to RS), OCE-1136727 (to SMS) and OCE-1136451 (to CV)], as well as DEB-1441717 and OCE-1335810 (to RS), and the DOE JGI CSP project 1477
Cracking down on inhibition: selective removal of GABAergic interneurons from hippocampal networks
No full textInhibitory (GABAergic) interneurons entrain assemblies of excitatory principal neurons to orchestrate information processing in the hippocamps. Disrupting the dynamic recruitment as well as the temporally precise activity of interneurons in hippocampal circuitries can manifest in epileptiform seizures, and impact specific behavioral traits. Despite the importance of GABAergic interneurons during information encoding in the brain, experimental tools to selectively manipulate GABAergic neurotransmission are limited. Here, we report the selective elimination of GABAergic interneurons by a ribosome inactivation approach through delivery of saporin-conjugated anti-vesicular GABA transporter antibodies (SAVAs) in vitro as well as in the mouse and rat hippocampus in vivo. We demonstrate the selective loss of GABAergic-but not glutamatergic-synapses, reduced GABA release, and a shift in excitation/inhibition balance in mixed cultures of hippocampal neurons exposed to SAVAs.Wealso show the foca..
Untersuchung aerodynamischer Geräuschquellen am Modell eines Transportflugzeugs im Deutsch-Niederländischen Windkanal (DNW)
No full textDie räumliche Verteilung der aerodynamischen Schallquellen am Modell eines Verkehrsflugzeuges wurde in der offenen Meßstrecke des DNW mit Hilfe des akustischen Hohlspiegelteleskopes untersucht. Dieses System war für Modellversuche in kleineren (3 m) Windkanälen entwickelt worden, konnte aber an die Bedingungen des größeren Kanals angepaßt werden. Das Meßverfahren wird kurz vorgestellt. Bei den meisten Versuchen befand sich das Modell in der Landekonfiguration, d.h., Klappen und Fahrwerk waren ausgefahren. Zum Vergleich wurden auch einige Messungen mit dem Modell in der Reiseflugkonfiguration durchgeführt. Typische Ergebnisse werden diskutiert
Anomalous F-electron Hall Effect In The Heavy-fermion System Cetin 5 (t=co, Ir, Or Rh)
No full textThe in-plane Hall coefficient RH(T) of CeRhIn5, CeIrIn5, and CeCoIn5, and their respective nonmagnetic lanthanum analogs are reported in fields up to 90 kOe and at temperatures from 2-325 K. RH(T) is negative, field independent, and dominated by skew scattering above ∼50 K in the Ce compounds. RH(H → 0) becomes increasingly negative below 50 K and varies with temperature in a manner that is inconsistent with skew scattering. Field-dependent measurements show that the low-T anomaly is strongly suppressed when the applied field is increased to 90 kOe. Measurements on LaRhIn5, LaIrIn5, and LaCoIn5 indicate that the same anomalous temperature dependence is present in the Hall coefficient of these nonmagnetic analogs, albeit with a reduced amplitude and no field dependence. Hall angle (θH) measurements find that the ratio ρxx/ρxy). = cot(θH) varies as T2 below 20 K for all three Ce-115 compounds. The Hall angles of the La-115 compounds follow this T dependence as well. These data suggest that the electronic-structure contribution dominates the Hall effect in the 115 compounds, with f electron and Kondo interactions acting to magnify the influence of the underlying complex band structure. This is in stark contrast to the situation in most 4f and 5f heavy-fermion compounds where the normal carrier contribution to the Hall effect provides only a small, T-independent background to RH.703351131-035113-9Fisk, Z., Hess, D.W., Pethick, C.J., Pines, D., Smith, J.L., Thompson, J.D., Willis, J.O., (1988) Science, 239, p. 33Ott, H.R., Fisk, Z., (1987) Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Actinides, 5, p. 85. , edited by A. J. Freeman and G. H. Landers (North Holland, Amsterdam)Grewe, N., Steglich, F., (1991) Handbook on the Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earths, 14, p. 343. , edited by K. A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring (North Holland, Amsterdam)Fisk, Z., Sarrao, J.L., Smith, J.L., Thompson, J.D., (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 92, p. 6663Thompson, J.D., Movshovich, R., Fisk, Z., Bouguet, F., Curro, N.J., Fisher, R.A., Hammel, P.C., Jaime, M., (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226, p. 5Thompson, J.D., Nicklas, M., Bianchi, A., Movshovich, R., Llobet, A., Bao, W., Malinowski, A., Pagliuso, P.G., (2003) Physica B, 329-333, p. 446Doniach, S., (1977) Valence Instabilities and Related Narrow Band Phenomena, p. 169. , edited by R. D. Parks (Plenum, New York)Lawrence, J.M., Riseborough, P.S., Parks, R.D., (1981) Rep. Prog. Phys., 44, p. 3Walker, I.R., Grosche, F.M., Freye, D.M., Lonzarich, G.G., (1997) Physica C, 282-287, p. 303Mathur, N.D., Grosche, F.M., Julian, S.R., Walker, I.R., Freye, D.M., Haselwimmer, R.K.W., Lonzarich, G.G., (1998) Nature (London), 394, p. 39Steiner, M.J., Walker, I.R., Grosche, F.M., Haselwimmer, R.K.W., Lonzarich, G.G., J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 226-230, p. 333. , 12001Hegger, H., Petrovic, C., Moshopoulou, E.G., Hundley, M.F., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., Thompson, J.D., (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, p. 4986Movshovich, R., Jaime, M., Thompson, J.D., Petrovic, C., Fisk, Z., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, p. 5152Izawa, K., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuda, Y., Shishido, H., Settai, R., Onuki, Y., (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., 87, p. 057002Kohori, Y., Yamato, Y., Iwamoto, Y., Kohara, T., Bauer, E.D., Maple, M.B., Sarrao, J.L., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 134526Petrovic, C., Movshovich, R., Jaime, M., Pagliuso, P.G., Hundley, M.F., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., Thompson, J.D., (2001) Europhys. Lett., 53, p. 354Petrovic, C., Pagliuso, P.G., Hundley, M.F., Movshovich, R., Sarrao, J.L., Thompson, J.D., Fisk, Z., Monthoux, P., (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 13, pp. L337Sidorov, V.A., Nicklas, M., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., Bang, Y., Balatsky, A.V., Thompson, J.D., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, p. 157004Oeschler, N., Gegenwart, P., Lang, M., Movshovich, R., Sarrao, J.L., Thompson, J.D., Steglich, F., (2003) Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, p. 076402Moreno, N.O., Hundley, M.F., Pagliuso, P.G., Movshovich, M., Nicklas, M., Thompson, J.D., Sarrao, J.L., Fisk, Z., (2002) Physica B, 312-313, p. 274Cornelius, A.L., Pagliuso, P.G., Hundley, M.F., Sarrao, J.L., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 144411Nicklas, M., Sidorov, V.A., Borges, H.A., Pagliuso, P.G., Petrovic, C., Fisk, Z., Sarrao, J.L., Thompson, J.D., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67, pp. 020506RChen, G., Ohara, S., Hedo, M., Uwatoko, Y., Saito, K., Sorai, M., Sakamoto, I., (2002) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 71, p. 2836Chen, G., Ohara, S., Hedo, M., Uwatoko, Y., Sakamoto, I., (2003) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 15, pp. S2175Cornelius, A.L., Arko, A.J., Sarrao, J.L., Hundley, M.F., Fisk, Z., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 62, p. 14181Haga, Y., Inada, Y., Harima, H., Oikawa, K., Murakawa, M., Nakawaki, H., Aoki, Y.R.D., Watanabe, N., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, pp. 060503RHall, D., Palm, E.C., Murphy, T.P., Tozer, S.W., Petrovic, C., Miller-Ricci, E., Peabody, L., Goodrich, R.G., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 064506Hall, D., Palm, E.C., Murphy, T.P., Tozer, S.W., Fisk, Z., Alver, U., Goodrich, R.G., Ebihara, T., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, p. 212508Shishido, H., Settai, R., Aoki, D., Ikeda, S., Nakawaki, H., Nakmura, N., Iizuka, T., Takeuchi, T., (2002) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 71, p. 162Coleman, P., Anderson, P.W., Ramakrishnan, T.V., (1985) Phys. Rev. Lett., 55, p. 414Hadzic-Leroux, M., Hamzic, A., Fert, P.H.A., Lapierre, F., Laborde, O., (1986) Europhys. Lett., 1, p. 11Fert, A., Levy, P.M., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 36, p. 1907Kohno, H., Yamada, K., (1990) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 90-91, p. 431Yamada, K., Kontani, H., Kohno, H., Inagaki, S., (1993) Prog. Theor. Phys., 89, p. 1155Kohno, H., Yamada, K., Inagaki, S., (1993) Physica B, 186-188, p. 910Kontani, H., Yamada, K., (1994) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 63, p. 2627Winzer, K., (1986) Z. Phys. B Condens. Matter, 64, p. 159Huth, M., Hessert, J., Jourdan, M., Kaldowski, A., Adrian, H., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 50, p. 1309Chien, T.R., Wang, Z.Z., Ong, N.P., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, p. 2088Kontani, H., Kanki, K., Ueda, K., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 59, p. 14723Nakajima, Y., Izawa, K., Matsuda, Y., Uji, S., Terashima, T., Shishido, H., Settai, R., Kontani, H., (2004) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 73, p. 5Wieder, H.H., (1979) Laboratory Notes on Electrical and Galvanomagnetic Measurements, , Elsevier, AmsterdamChristianson, A.D., Lacerda, A.H., Hundley, M.F., Pagliuso, P.G., Sarrao, J.L., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 054410Ginsberg, D.M., Lee, W.C., Stupp, S.E., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 47, p. 12167Jin, R., Paranthaman, M., Zhai, H.Y., Christen, H.M., Christen, D.K., Mandrus, D., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 64, pp. 220506RSchlottmann, P., (1989) Phys. Rep., 181, p. 1Andraka, B., Stewart, G.R., (1994) Phys. Rev. B, 49, p. 12359Andraka, B., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 16031Pietri, R., Andraka, B., Kaczorowski, D., Leithe-Jasper, A., Rogl, P., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 12169Yamauchi, R., Fukamichi, K., (2000) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 12, p. 2461Kaczorowski, D., Andraka, B., Pietri, R., Cichorek, T., Zaremba, V.I., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 15255Cattaneo, E., (1985) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 47-48, p. 529Penney, T., Stankiewcz, J., Von Molnar, S., Fisk, Z., Smith, J.L., Ott, H.R., (1986) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 54-57, p. 370Hiraoka, T., Takabatake, T., Miyata, S., Fujii, H., (1992) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 115, p. 168Hundley, M.F., Thompson, J.D., Canfield, P.C., Fisk, Z., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 56, p. 8098Hurd, C.M., (1972) The Hall Eeffect in Metals and Alloys, , Plenum, New YorkSettai, R., Shishido, H., Ikeda, S., Murakawa, Y., Nakashima, M., Aoki, D., Haga, Y., Onuki, Y., (2001) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 13, pp. L627Satoh, K., Fujita, T., Maeno, Y., Onuki, Y., Komatsubara, T., Ohtsuka, T., (1985) Solid State Commun., 56, p. 327Lorek, A., Grewe, N., Anders, F.B., (1991) Solid State Commun., 78, p. 167Edwards, D.M., Green, A.C.M., (1997) Z. Phys. B Condens. Matter, 103, p. 243Andraka, B., Kim, J.S., Stewart, G.R., Fisk, Z., (1991) Phys. Rev. B, 44, p. 4371Nakatsuji, S., Pines, D., Fisk, Z., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, p. 016401Nakatsuji, S., Yeo, S., Balicas, L., Fisk, Z., Schlottmann, P., Pagliuso, P.G., Moreno, N.O., Thompson, J.D., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, p. 10640
- …
