1,720,966 research outputs found
Presence of L701 M mutation in the FKS1 gene of echinocandin-susceptible Candida krusei isolates
No full textResistance of Candida krusei isolates to echinocandins, the recommended drugs to treat candidemia, has been associated with mutations in hot spot (HS) regions of the FKS1 gene or L701 M mutation in a region between HS1 and HS3 of FKS1. However, the role of L701 M mutation alone in causing reduced echinocandins susceptibility is still unclear. We analyzed a region between HS1 and HS3 of FKS1 of 25 C. krusei isolates from clinical samples. Susceptibility to echinocandins was determined by a commercial broth microdilution assay and by the microdilution method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The L701 M mutation was detected in 22/25 (88%) C. krusei isolates with low MIC values in the absence of other HS mutations. The presence of isolated L701 M mutation in C. krusei clinical isolates susceptible to echinocandins suggests that this mutation may be just associated to polymorphism in the C. krusei population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
1985-2016 Geotrichum spp : nuova identificazione molecolare e studio della sensibilità in vitro
No full textLa tassonomia dei funghi filamentosi lievito-simili del genere Geotrichum ha subito negli anni numerose revisioni (Blastoschizomyces, Dipodascus ecc). Recentemente l’analisi di sequenze della regione ITS ha consentito di distinguere G. clavatum associato all’anamorfo Saprochaete clavata da G. capitatum associato a Magnusiomyces capitatus. Frequentemente le due specie vengono confuse a causa della loro somiglianza fenotipica e anche il ricorso alla biologia molecolare può essere fuorviante per la presenza di database limitati o non corretti (Desnos-Olivier 2014).
Le recenti segnalazioni in Lombardia di un numero crescente di fungemie da Geotrichum/Saprochaete/Magnusiomyces ci ha indotto ad analizzare i ceppi clinici di queste specie isolati dal 1985 al 2016 con l’obiettivo di una corretta identificazione mediante biologia molecolare e di saggiare la sensibilità in vitro agli antifungini.
Per l’identificazione molecolare il DNA genomico è stato amplificato e la regione ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 è stata sequenziata utilizzando i primers ITS1e ITS4. Le sequenze ottenute sono state confrontate con le sequenze presenti nel CBS database.
La sensibilità in vitro a 10 antifungini è stata saggiata mediante microbrododiluizione (metodica EUCAST, CLSI e YeastOne). Per saggiare l’attività di isavuconazolo è stato impiegato anche Etest.
Dei 41 ceppi, isolati ognuno da un singolo paziente, 25 sono stati identificati come M. capitatus, 15 come S. clavata e 1 come G. candidum.
Tra i 21 isolati da emocoltura è stata osservata una prevalenza di S. clavata (15 ceppi, isolati prevalentemente da pazienti ematologici e in un periodo successivo all’anno 2003) rispetto a M. capitatus (6 ceppi, isolati soprattutto da pazienti chirurgici e negli anni ’80-90). M. capitatus è risultato prevalente (19/20) tra gli isolati da altri materiali biologici, rappresentati in particolare da secrezioni respiratorie.
Le sensibilità in vitro hanno confermato la resistenza intrinseca di queste specie alle echinocandine, hanno evidenziato una buona sensibilità agli azoli itra, posa e vori. Per quanto riguarda isavuconazolo e flucitosina si evidenziano differenti pattern di sensibilità tra le due specie, S. clavata ha MIC di flucitosina inferiori e MIC di isavuconazolo superiori rispetto a M. capitatus.
Con sempre maggior frequenza sono segnalate le infezioni da Saprochaete/Magnusiomyces in particolare dall’Europa meridionale. Tuttavia risulta difficile confrontare l’eziologia data le difficoltà di identificazione.
Dall’analisi della nostra casistica emerge una differente distribuzione delle due specie (S. clavata e M. capitatus) nei differenti materiali biologici e un considerevole aumento negli anni più recenti della S. clavata da emocoltura in particolare da pazienti ematologici. La resistenza intrinseca di queste specie alle echinocandine, antifungini di sempre maggior impiego, potrebbe essere il motivo dell’emergenza di queste infezioni rare
Acute isolated appendicitis due to Aspergillus carneus in a neutropenic child with acute myeloid leukemia
No full textWe describe a case of isolated acute appendicitis due to Aspergillus carneus in a neutropenic child with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated according to the AIEOP AML 2002/01 protocol. Despite prophylaxis with acyclovir, ciprofloxacin and fluconazole administered during the neutropenic phase, 16 days after the end of chemotherapy the child developed fever without identified infective foci, which prompted a therapy shift to meropenem and liposomial amphotericin B. After five days of persisting fever he developed ingravescent abdominal lower right quadrant pain. Abdominal ultrasound was consistent with acute appendicitis and he underwent appendectomy with prompt defervescence. PAS+ fungal elements were found at histopathology examination of the resected vermiform appendix, and galactomannan was low positive. A. carneus, a rare species of Aspergillus formerly placed in section Flavipedes and recently considered a member of section Terrei, was identified in the specimen. Treatment with voriconazole was promptly started with success. No other site of Aspergillus localization was detected. Appendicitis is rarely caused by fungal organisms and isolated intestinal aspergillosis without pulmonary infection is unusual. To our knowledge, this is the first report of infection due to A. carneus in a child and in a primary gastrointestinal infection
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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