1,721,057 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ROLE OF THE INFLAMMASOMES IN NEUROINFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Full text linkInterleukin-1 beta [IL1β] and the "inflammasome" protein complex, the main regulator of the IL1β production, plays an important role in neuroinflammation observed in Alzheimer's disease [AD]. AD is a neurodegenerative disease, whose prevalence is estimated to be increasing over the decades; the neuropathological characteristic most common are beta-amyloid [Aβ] plaques, whose deposition are the key element for the triggering of oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes by the activated microglia. The interaction between activated microglia and plaques A induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 [IL6], or neurotoxic factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]. The amyloid plaques production is due on one hand to the hyper-pathological accumulation of oligomers, on the other hand to the reduced extracellular clearance of the same. The amyloid is physiologically eliminated from the brain tissue through blood vessels, towards which migrates in the course of its biological time [years]. The result is the accumulation of Aβ at first around these vessels, and then into the brain tissue. The insoluble amyloid can act as superantigen, activating a chronic inflammatory response both humoral and cell-mediated activation. The inflammation tissue is initially mediated by activated microglia but, it was already shown a link between brain inflammation and that device. In addition to microglia, new monocytes are constantly recruited from the periphery to the nervous tissue overcoming the blood-brain barrier; stimulated monocytes show the same macrophage phenotype. Neuroinflammation is therefore a fundamental etiopathogenetic moment in the genesis of cognitive impairment and dementia related to Alzheimer's disease. Both post-mortem biopsies and immunohistochemistry, have revealed the presence of activated microglia in Aβ, plaques. Immunohistochemical studies have also revealed positivity for IL-1, markers of innate immunity activation mediated by macrophages and microglia. The inflammatory insult is probably most responsible for neuronal loss. Currently a diagnosis of AD is only possible through post-mortem analysis of the brain tissue, which is why in recent years have been researched and identified biological indicators and hormonal disease, which could be useful in the early diagnosis of AD. These indicators are also expressed by peripheral leukocytes, cells readily available, representing a footprint of that which occurs at the level of different brain areas in vivo. For this, the white blood cells represent useful elements to study the changes that develop in the brain. Therefore, in the second part of the project, to better investigate the possible involvement of inflammosome peripherally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC] were isolated from individuals diagnosed with Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and classified as follows: 1] individuals with mild but measurable changes in thinking skills defined mild cognitive impairment [MCI] [MMSE 24-29]; 2] patients with moderate disease AD [mild] [MMSE 19-24]; 3] individuals with severe AD pathology [MMSE <19]. Finally they were enrolled even healthy individuals [HC] of equal sex and age as a control group. PBMC were stimulated with LPS and Aβ [1-42] to evaluate the 'expression of the genes and the proteins involved in the inflammasome pathway and to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines production. The results suggest an involvement of at least two different inflammasomes-complexes in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. Based on these results, the second part of the project aimed at completing the outline of inflammasome activation in neuroinflammation context by investigating WT or NLRP3 and Asc knockout mouse Primary Microglia cells . Data obtained confirm the NLRP3-inflammasome involvement in the inflammatory cytokines production making this complex a potential drug target for improving the therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
2D Still-image segmentation with CNN-Amoeba
No full textThis paper introduces a still image segmentation technique based on an active contour obtained via single-layer CNNs. The contour initially laid on the frame of the image shrinks, deforms and multiplies until it matches the edges of each of the objects present in the scene. The shape of each object in the image is accurately extracted and nested objects, if any, are correctly detected. Experimental measures of the accuracy of the segmentation were carried out using the Hausdorff distanc
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