25 research outputs found
Découverte d’un myxome de l’oreillette gauche dans un contexte clinique évoquant une spondylarthropathie
No full textNutritional assessment of children enrolled in a structured childcare setting
No full textPlan BDetermining the nutrition status of children in a structured daycare setting will reflect their health status. Children who have proper nutritional status are generally in better health and have a decreased risk for developing disease in the future. A nutritional assessment can detect any abnormal ranges at an early age so that lifestyle changes can take place before the problem elevates into something more serious with adverse consequences. The purpose of this study was to provide a nutritional status profile of children who attend the Child and Family Study Center at UW-Stout. This cross-sectional study, descriptive in nature, involved children between the ages of 12 to 71 months who attended the University of Wisconsin-Stout' s Child and Family Study Center from August 2000 to May 2001. The components of a nutrition assessment were: income level, list of medications, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol level, hemoglobin levels, and a food frequency questionnaire on fruit and vegetable intake, Of the 34 participants, 26 were involved in biochemical testing. After pilot testing, height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a registered dietitian. Glucose, cholesterol, and hemoglobin were measured by a Medical Technician and performed at the Nutrition Assessment Laboratory for Education and Research (NALER). NALER is a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-approved laboratory. Of the children, 25, 27, and 33 had height, weight, weight-for-length values between the 5 th and 95th percentile, respectively. Mean hemoglobin level of 12.Smg/dL was normal; 1 1.5% of the children had a level below 1 lmg/dL (n=3). The mean cholesterol was 157 mg/dL, while 32% of the children (n=8) had borderline cholesterol. Mean glucose and blood pressure readings were normal at 98mg/dL and 92/5 8 mmHg, respectively. Extremely high mean serving sizes and percentages of fruits and vegetables that met the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) were reported by the parents in a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The average fruit intake was 4540/0 (9 servings) of the :minima] servings of the Food Guide Pyramid's recommendations. Ninety percent: of the children met. the recommendations of the Food Guide :Pyramid for fruit intake (2 servings). The average vegetable intake was 890/0 (2.7 servings) of the minimal servings of the Food Guide Pyramid's recommendations. Thirty-seven percent of the children1 met the recommendations of the Food Guide :Pyramid for vegetable intake (3 servings). The average combined fruit and vegetable intakes were 235% of the "5 A Day" recommendations. Eighty percent of the children met the recommendations of "5 A I)ay"' for combined intakes of fruits and vegetables. Pearson correlations revealed that the percentage of fruits that met the Food Guide Pyramid had an inverse statistical association with diastolic blood pressure (r=-. 52, p=<.O5) and hemoglobin (r=.44,p=<.05). Also, an inverse statistical association was discovered between diastolic blood pressure and the percentage met. for fruits and vegetables according to the "'5 A*Day" recommendations (r= -.49, p=<.O5). Average income was $59,500. In this study, given a good income, nutritional status was good, but borderline cholesterol was found in a certain number. Limited current nutritional research studies on the nutritional status of preschool-aged children indicate further research is needed. Data from all components of a nutritional assessment are crucial to provide a full review of children' s nutritional status
Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the United States: The Baseline Survey of the Five a Day for Better Health Program
No full textPurpose.The purpose of the Five A Day Baseline Survey was to assess fruit and vegetable intake and associated factors among US adults.Design.Questionnaires querying frequency of intake of 33 fruits and vegetables, as well as demographics, attitudes, and knowledge related to fruits and vegetables were administered by telephone.Setting.The study was a nationally representative random digit dial survey conducted by telephone in the summer of 1991; response rate was 42.8%.Subjects.Respondents were 2811 US adults (including an oversample of African-Americans and Hispanics).Measures.Mean and median self-reported intakes of fruits and vegetables were calculated. Estimated servings per week were adjusted on the basis of responses to summary questions regarding overall fruit and vegetable intakes.Results.Median intake of fruits and vegetables was 3.4 servings per day. Linear regressions (accounting for no more than 10% of the variation) showed that education, income, and smoking status were predictors of fruit and vegetable intake and that intake increased with education, income, and nonsmoking status. Women had higher intakes than men at all ages; these differences between men and women increased with age. Fruit and vegetable intakes increased with age for whites and Hispanics, but not for African-Americans.Conclusions.Fruit and vegetable intake among adults in the United States is lower than the recommended minimum of five daily servings. These data will be useful in targeting campaign efforts and in assessing progress of the Five A Day for Better Health Program.</jats:sec
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
No full textPurpose.This study examined the relationship between various psychosocial factors and fruit and vegetable consumption.Design.The 5 A Day Baseline Survey, conducted in August 1991, just before the initiation of the 5 A Day for Better Health Program, obtained data on adults' intakes of, and their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding, fruits and vegetables.Setting.The survey was conducted by telephone.Subjects.Subjects were 2811 adults (response rate, 43%) aged 18 years and older in the 48 coterminous United States.Measures.Fruit and vegetable intake was measured as self-reported frequency of use; most of the psychosocial variables were measured using Likert scales.Results.This study estimates that only 8% of American adults thought that five or more servings of fruits and vegetables were needed for good health. Of the factors studied, the most important in determining someone's fruit and vegetable intake were the number of servings they thought they should have in a day, whether they liked the taste, and whether they had been in the habit of eating many fruits and vegetables since childhood. These few factors accounted for 15% more of the variation in fruit and vegetable consumption than did demographic variables alone (8%).Conclusions.Nutrition education should stress the need to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day because few adults are aware of this recommendation and such knowledge is strongly associated with increased intake. Furthermore, efforts to increase the palatability of fruits and vegetables, especially among children, should be promoted.</jats:sec
A Bilateral Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: United States and Canada
No full textMany public programs promote diets rich in fruits and vegetables based on evidence of the derived health benefits. Still, produce consumption in the United States lags behind other nations, even its most culturally similar neighbor--Canada. This study uses a structural latent variable model to test the role played by quality and health information in explaining observed differences in produce consumption. The Alchian-Allen effect predicts that higher quality, higher absolute margin produce will be exported, suggesting quality may be an important demand factor in importing nations such as Canada. The results show that dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality also promotes fruit consumption in Canada.Alchian-Allen effect, fruit and vegetable trade, health information, latent variable, MIMIC model, produce quality, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
Immunomodulation by diet : individual differences in sensitivity in layer hens
No full textEnhancing relevant immunity of production animals to achieve more robust animals is receiving more and more attention. Several epidemics have hit production animals recently and with devastating consequences, but enhancing diseases resistance increasingly provides new opportunities. Furthermore, welfare and health of production animals is becoming a more and more consumer driven topic. Several routes are being used to approach the possibility of enhancing immunity such as selective breeding, enriched and altered housing conditions, vaccination programs, diet supplementation with immune stimulating components, and other management procedures. Disease susceptibility has been shown to be related to stress reactivity, which in turn is related to differences in HPA axis reactivity. Interestingly, independent of selection criteria used, the extremes of various selection procedures result in a recurrent dichotomy in HPA axis reactivity, either being hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive to stress. Animals with a hyperresponsive HPA axis show greater environmental sensitivity, while the hyporeactive animals are more intrinsically regulated. Often, research on immunomodulation is performed with compromised animals and/or exaggerated supplementation of dietary components in one generation of animals, but epigenetics by definition seems to be the mechanism for mothers to prepare their offspring for the environment they will be born into. Enhancing immunity through normal diet in uncompromised animals is rarely investigated, let alone over generations. In this thesis the aim was to induce immunomodulation through diet in selection lines of chicken that have previously been selected on their antibody response to sheep red blood cells over two generations of chicken. First, potential HPA axis differences were examined in these selection lines to establish their environmental sensitivity, whereafter immunomodulation through normal diet was investigated in humoral and cellular parameters of immunity. As humoral immunocompentence was not easily modulated, an immune trigger was used to detect potential differences in humoral reactivity. The selection lines showed differential sensitivity to immunomodulation by diet in both generations, suggesting that adaptation to environmental factors may be a line-specific (genetically based) process, with differential neuroendocrine regulation. Most interestingly, the second generation showed effects of the diets in all the selection lines, albeit in different manners. It is concluded that normal diet can cause immunomodulation, mainly in animals with hyper HPA axis reactivity, and that introducing such practices may be more beneficial when mothers are treated, as all offspring showed immunomodulation, irrespective of selection line. While genetic background and/or epigenetic processes on neuroendocrine and immune regulation of the individual form the framework wherein individual immunomodulation by diet can take place, environmental conditions determine if the modulation is beneficial or not. <br/
A systematic review of population and community dietary interventions to prevent cancer
No full textDiet is an important factor in the causation of cancer. Previous systematic reviews of one-to-one interventions to encourage dietary change have found that such interventions can achieve modest improvements in diet. However, such interventions are resource intensive and unlikely to be good value for money at a population level. Interventions that address groups, communities or whole populations may be less resource intensive and effect change in a wider population. We report a systematic review of such interventions. We set wide inclusion criteria, including before-and-after studies and studies with a non-randomized comparison group as well as randomized trials. We found eighteen studies based in the community, seventeen based on worksites, five based in churches and one based in a supermarket. Interventions which targeted fruit and vegetable intake were most likely to be successful, particularly in worksites and churches. There was also evidence of small positive effects on reducing fat intake in worksites and churches. Overall the community-based interventions showed little effect. The studies included in the present review were generally poorly reported. Dietary changes are reported in the relatively short-term studies reviewed here but may not be sustained in the long term. The effects that we have identified are small but the reach is potentially very wide, in some cases as wide as a whole country. The cost effectiveness of such strategies remains to be evaluated
Características sócio-demográficas, reprodutivas, clínicas, nutricionais e de estresse oxidativo de mulheres com câncer de mama: [dissertação]
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição.Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características sócio-demográficas, reprodutivas, clínicas e nutricionais, bem como verificar se há associação entre determinadas características e o estresse oxidativo de mulheres com câncer de mama, atendidas na Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Todos os dados foram coletados a partir de um inquérito padronizado e de um questionário de freqüência alimentar validado. O estresse oxidativo foi avaliado através da determinação das concentrações plasmáticas das substâncias que reagem com o ácido tiobarbitúrico, hidroperóxidos lipídicos e proteínas carboniladas, capacidade antioxidante total sérica e glutationa reduzida eritrocitária. A associação entre o estresse oxidativo e as variáveis investigadas foi avaliada usando um modelo de regressão logística. Quarenta mulheres entre 30 e 60 anos, idade média de 48 ± 7,43 anos foram selecionadas para o estudo. Entre os fatores que apresentam forte associação com o câncer de mama, foram encontradas prevalências de 40% para menarca até os 12 anos, 87,5% para uso prolongado de contraceptivos orais, 27,5% para terapia de reposição hormonal e 35% para antecedente familiar de câncer de mama em parentes de primeiro grau. Para outros fatores investigados, as prevalências foram mais elevadas em história de abortos (38%), tabagismo (50%), sedentarismo (75%), peso excessivo (70%), elevado consumo de óleos e gorduras (90%) e de carnes e ovos (85%) e baixo consumo de verduras e legumes (92,5%) e de frutas (47,5%). O modelo de regressão logística final para concentração plasmática de hidroperóxidos lipídicos demonstrou que a presença de linfonodos axilares comprometidos (odds ratio [OR]=0,07; intervalo de confiança 95% [IC95%]=0,00-0,62), consumo de laticínios pobres em gordura (OR=0,94; IC95%=0,90-0,99) e de frutas ricas em vitamina C (OR=0,49; IC95%=0,24-0,99) foram associados com concentração plasmática diminída de hidroperóxidos lipídicos e o consumo de óleos vegetais (OR=2,98; IC95%=1,12-7,93) foi associado com um maior risco de concentração plasmática aumentada de hidroperóxidos lipídicos. O consumo de carnes processadas (OR=2,20; IC95%=1,03-4,68) e gorduras de origem animal (OR=12,72; IC95%=1,09-147,82) foram fatores associados com capaciadade antioxidante total sérica diminuída enquanto que o consumo de leites e derivados (OR=0,46; IC95%=0,25-0,84) e verduras crucíferas (OR 0,57; IC95%=0,35-0,92) foram fatores protetores contra capacidade antioxidante total sérica diminuída. Na análise multivariada, a renda familiar acima de dois salários mínimos (OR=18,0; IC95%=1,63-198,5) foi associada com concentração eritrocitária aumentada de glutationa reduzida. Nenhuma associação foi encontrada, no modelo de regressão logística, entre as variáveis examinadas e as concentrações plasmáticas das substâncias que reagem com o ácido tiobarbitúrico e proteínas carboniladas. Conhecer a prevalência das variáveis associadas ao câncer de mama pode ser de grande importância para a saúde pública no que diz respeito à adoção de programas de intervenção para o controle do câncer de mama. Os resultados da associação entre estresse oxidativo e os fatores investigados podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel que essas variáveis exercem sobre o estresse oxidativo
Components of the Working Well Trial Intervention Associated With Adoption of Healthful Diets
No full textYou are what you eat : Within-subject increases in fruit and vegetable consumption confer beneficial skin-color changes
No full textR Whitehead was funded by an ESRC Studentship.Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption and ingestion of carotenoids have been found to be associated with human skin-color (yellowness) in a recent cross-sectional study. This carotenoid-based coloration contributes beneficially to the appearance of health in humans and is held to be a sexually selected cue of condition in other species. Methodology and Principal Findings: Here we investigate the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on skin-color longitudinally to determine the magnitude and duration of diet change required to change skin-color perceptibly. Diet and skin-color were recorded at baseline and after three and six weeks, in a group of 35 individuals who were without makeup, self-tanning agents and/or recent intensive UV exposure. Six-week changes in fruit and vegetable consumption were significantly correlated with changes in skin redness and yellowness over this period, and diet-linked skin reflectance changes were significantly associated with the spectral absorption of carotenoids and not melanin. We also used psychophysical methods to investigate the minimum color change required to confer perceptibly healthier and more attractive skin-coloration. Modest dietary changes are required to enhance apparent health (2.91 portions per day) and attractiveness (3.30 portions). Conclusions: Increased fruit and vegetable consumption confers measurable and perceptibly beneficial effects on Caucasian skin appearance within six weeks. This effect could potentially be used as a motivational tool in dietary intervention.Peer reviewe
