1,720,960 research outputs found
C1-inhibitor deficiency and angioedema : molecular mechanisms and clinical progress
No full textC1 inhibitor (C1-INH, also known as SERPING1) can be deficient in plasma as a result of genetic or acquired conditions, and this causes an episodic, local increase in vascular permeability in the subcutaneous and submucosal layers, identified as angioedema (hereditary or acquired). Bradykinin, the mediator of the increase in vascular permeability, is released on inappropriate activation of the contact system, which is controlled by C1 inhibitor. Therapy aims to reverse or prevent angioedema. Advances in understanding the complex effects of C1-INH deficiency at the molecular level have led to new molecular-targeted approaches. Three new treatments, an inhibitor of kallikrein to prevent bradykinin release, an antagonist of the bradykinin receptor to prevent its action and a recombinant human C1-INH produced in transgenic animals, are under clinical evaluation currently. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency and clinical progress using molecular-targeted interventions
Dysphagia screening in subacute care settings using the Italian version of the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (I-RBWH) dysphagia screening tool = Screening della disfagia nelle unità di cure sub-acute utilizzando la versione italiana del Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (I-RBWH) dysphagia screening tool
Full text linkLa maggior parte dei test di screening per la disfagia è stato sviluppato per essere utilizzato in pazienti con stroke. Solo pochi strumenti risultano applicabili a popolazioni più eterogenee di pazienti, come quelli ricoverati nelle unità di cure per Sub-acuti. Tra questi, il Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) dysphagia screening tool è stato concepito per essere utilizzato da personale infermieristico e possiede un’eccellente sensibilità e specificità. Al momento non è disponibile una versione italiana di questo strumento. Scopo del lavoro è di analizzare l’affidabilità e l’accuratezza nello screening della versione italiana del RBWH (I-RBWH) dysphagia screening tool. A tal fine sono stati arruolati 105 pazienti, tutti ricoverati presso l’unità di cure Sub-acute. Ogni paziente è stato valutato con il I-RBWH dysphagia screening tool da personale infermieristico (per due volte) e da una logopedista. Quest’ultima, non solo era all’oscuro dei risultati ottenuti durante la valutazione infermieristica, ma ha anche eseguito una valutazione standardizzata delle abilità deglutitorie utilizzando il Mann Assessment of Swallowing ability (MASA). L’affidabilità intra- e inter-rater si sono rilevate soddisfacenti. Il confronto tra i risultati ottenuti dal personale infermieristico durante la somministrazione del I-RBWH e i punteggi del MASA hanno dimostrato un’eccellente sensibilità (93%), specificità (96%), valore predittivo positivo (90%) e valore predittivo negativo (97%). Questi dati supportano l’affidabilità e l’accuratezza del I-RBWH dysphagia screening tool nello screening della disfagia nei pazienti ricoverati nelle unità di cure per Sub-acuti. Il suo utilizzo in clinica è pertanto raccomandabile.The large majority of the available dysphagia screening tools has been developed for the stroke population. Only few screening tools are suitable for heterogeneous groups of patients admitted to a subacute care unit. The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) dysphagia screening tool is a nurse-administered, evidence-based swallow screening tool for generic acute hospital use that demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity. No Italian version of this tool is available to date. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and screening accuracy of the Italian version of the RBWH (I-RBWH) dysphagia screening tool. A total of 105 patients consecutively admitted to a subacute care unit were enrolled. Using the I-RBWH tool, each patient was evaluated twice by trained nurses and once by a speech and language pathologist (SLP) blind to nurses' scores. The SLP also performed standardised clinical assessment of swallowing using the Mann assessment of swallowing ability (MASA). During the first and the second administration of the I-RBWH by nurses, 28 and 27 patients, respectively, were considered at risk of dysphagia, and 27 were considered at risk after SLP assessment. Intra- and inter-rater reliability was satisfactory. Comparison between nurse I-RBWH scores and MASA examination demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of the I-RBWH dysphagia screening tool up to 93% and 96%, respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 90% and 97%, respectively. Thus, the current findings support the reliability and accuracy of the I-RBWH tool for dysphagia screening of patients in subacute settings. Its application in clinical practice is recommended
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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