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    Plasminogen activation system in milk from Friesian and Jersey cows: relationships with milk production and composition

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    To evaluate the effect of breed and stage of lactation on plasminogen activation system in milk from Friesian and Jersey cows and its relationships between the enzymatic system and milk production and composition, 8 Friesian and 8 Jersey cows kept in the same herd were used to provide milk samples throughout lactation (from calving to 9 months in milk). Individual milk yield was recorded monthly and individual milk samples were collected and analysed for fat, protein, casein, somatic cell count, plasmin (PL), plasminogen (PG) and plasminogen activator (PA) activities. Parameters of the function y(n)=anbecn which describes the lactation curve were estimated for each animal. Breed did not affect PL, PG and PA activities but PG/PL ratio resulted significantly lower in milk from Friesian cows than that from Jersey cows (3.97 vs 4.91). PL and PG activities increased significantly with advancing lactation. A significant negative correlation was observed between PA activity and casein/total protein ratio for Friesian cows (r=-0.32). The latter correlation for Jersey cows (r=-0.28) was not significant. The overall correlation coefficients between PA activity and the parameter c of lactation curve (descending phase to the dry period) (r=0.21) reached the significant threshold confirming the involvement of PA on the involution of the mammary gland

    Leptin in milk and plasma of dairy asses

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    Milk and plasma leptin levels have been studied in dairy asses machine milked according to two different routines: 20 pregnant, pluriparous asses, were divided into two groups subjected, every 28 d for 150 d, to two consecutive milkings carried out at different intervals, i.e. 20 vs. 4 hours interval, respectively for group A and group B. During the study, the declining total milk obtained by machine milking was unaffected by the different milking strategies; body condition score of asses as well did not vary between the groups. Different milking intervals did not significantly influence skimmed milk leptin content neither plasma leptin level. Moreover, we did not find significant variation in plasma leptin neither correlation with BCS, indicating that in donkey pregnancy inhibits the cross talk between hypothalamus and adipose tissue

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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