1,720,961 research outputs found
Should the term antipsychotic be changed to 'multidimensional stabiliser' in bipolar disorder? Towards a new denomination for atypical antipsychotics
No full textA case of severe psychosis induced by novel recreational drugs [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/2o2]
Full text linkIntroduction: The use of novel recreational drugs is becoming of public interest, especially after recent international alerts about their cardiovascular and neurological toxicity. Additionally, little is known about the psychiatric consequences of the long-term use of these compounds. Case presentation: We describe a case of severe psychotic episode likely induced by chronic use of a combination of new recreational drugs (methylenedioxypyrovalerone, mephedrone, butylone and alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone). The patient had no psychiatric history and showed poor response to conventional antipsychotic treatment (haloperidol). Conclusions: This case illustrates the potential negative effects of recreational drugs that cannot be limited to an acute psychotic episode but might determine a condition of prolonged paranoid psychosis. Although the use of these compounds is currently increasing, such molecules might often pass undetected in patients accessing the emergency room, leading to misdiagnosis (e.g. schizophrenic episode) and lack of appropriate treatment
Brain metabolism in substance-induced psychosis and schizophrenia : a preliminary PET study
No full textIntroduction: The relation between schizophrenia and cannabis abuse has been widely discussed from etiopathogenetic, psychopathological and neurometabolic points of view. Relatively little has been written about the differences between schizophrenia with co-occurrent cannabis abuse and substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD). Given these premises, our study aims to investigate the psychopathological and neurometabolic features of these clinical entities. Methods: We enrolled patients experiencing an acute psychotic episode, affected either by schizophrenia with or without cannabis abuse (SCZ +/- CA; n = 5 and n = 5, respectively) with recent onset (<5 years of illness) or by SIPD (n = 6), as diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I. Patients affected by SIPD were all cannabis abusers. All patients were assessed with the PANSS (Positive and Negative Scale for Schizophrenia), urinary toxicological tests and brain 18-FDG-PET scanning in resting condition. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping SPM8 and Scenium software. Results: Bilateral hypermetabolism in the posterior cingulum and the precuneus (p < 0.001) was observed in SIPD patients compared to patients with schizophrenia, with or without cannabis abuse. Conclusions: Our preliminary PET findings suggest that substance abuse may cause increased brain metabolism in patients with induced psychosis but not in those with schizophrenia. These differences in brain metabolism were found in the posterior cingulum and precuneus, which are two core regions of the default mode network in humans
Studio di correlazione tra variabili sintomatologiche, alessitimia e decorso clinico in pazienti con disturbo di panico in terapia integrata
No full textIntroduzione : numerosi studi si sono occupati di verificare l’efficacia della terapia integrata, farmacologica e psicoterapeutica breve (PB) o cognitivo-comportamentale (CBT), nel disturbo di panico (DAP) per evidenziare quali tecniche possano favorire un migliore outcome clinico a lungo termine. Scopo del nostro studio è verificare eventuali correlazioni tra sintomatologia clinica, funzionamento mentale e decorso di malattia. Metodi : sono stati reclutati 20 pazienti all’esordio di un DAP, diagnosticato secondo i criteri DSM-IV-TR. Tutti i pazienti sono stati trattati con SSRI e assegnati alla PB o CBT attraverso la “blocking randomization”(Consort, 2001). Sono state somministrate Panic Attack and Anticipatory
Anxiety Scale (PAAAS), Hamilton Ansia e Depressione (HAM-A, D) per la valutazione sintomatologica, Mark-Sheehan Phobia Scale (MSPS) per il grado di evitamento e Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 item (TAS-20) per l’alessitimia. Risultati : l’analisi bivariata (Spearman’s correlations) ha evidenziato una correlazione tra il fattore F3 della TAS-20 (Pensiero orientato verso l’esterno) e il punteggio totale alla PAAAS (r = 0,888, p = 0,044). Conclusioni : il nostro studio evidenzia come la presenza di una disregolazione nell’elaborazione delle esperienze emotive e dei correlati cognitivi e somatici del DAP sia predittiva di una maggiore gravità sintomatologica. Tale funzionamento mentale potrebbe quindi contribuire alla persistenza di una vulnerabilità alla sintomatologia nel temp
Substance-induced psychoses : a critical review of the literature
No full textSubstances with psychotomimetic properties such as cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens and cannabis are widespread, and their use or abuse can provoke psychotic reactions resembling a primary psychotic disease. The recent escalating use of methamphetamine throughout the world and its association with psychotic symptoms in regular users has fuelled concerns. The use of cannabis and cocaine by young people has considerably increased over recent years, and age at first use has dramatically decreased. There is some evidence that cannabis is now on the market in a more potent form than in previous decades. Furthermore, a large number of studies have reported a link between adolescent cannabis use and the development of stable psychosis in early adulthood. The situation is further complicated by the high rates of concomitant substance use by subjects with a psychotic illness which, especially in young users with an early-phase psychotic disorder, can make diagnosis difficult. This paper reviews the literature concerning the properties of psychotogenic substances and the psychotic symptoms they can give rise to, and discusses the association between substance abuse and psychosis with particular emphasis on the differential diagnosis of a primary and substance-induced psychotic disorder. The findings of this review indicate that psychosis due to substance abuse is commonly observed in clinical practice. The propensity to develop psychosis seems to be a function of the severity of use and dependence. From a phenomenological point of view, it is possible to identify some elements that may help clinicians involved in differential diagnoses between primary and substance-induced psychoses. There remains a striking paucity of information on the outcomes, treatments, and best practices of substance-induced psychotic episodes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Haloperidol and atipical antypsychotics in the long-term treatment of psychotic disorders : preliminary data from a naturalistic study
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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