1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Proteomics evaluation of molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of Salmonella spp.
Full text linkSalmonella species are an important group of enteric pathogens which could be penetrate the intestinal epithelial barrier and are capable of causing disease (i.e. they are pathogenic). Many foods, particularly foods of animal origin and other foods which may be subject to faecal contamination have been identified as vehicles for the transmission of this pathogen to humans. Those of particular importance include meat, poultry, eggs, milk, fruit and vegetables. Spread of this pathogen may occur in the food processing environment through cross contamination from raw food or infected food handlers. The molecular bases for Salmonella adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells are distinct and complex and a large number of Salmonella genes are required for entry into cultured epithelial cells. Salmonella enterica serotypes are closely related genetically but they are significantly different in pathogenic potentials. Deep inside the relative responsible mechanisms may be a key to more general understanding of the invasiveness of intestinal bacterial infections. This study represents a classic proteomic approach combining 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for the comparative analysis of the proteomes of different species of Salmonella isolated from food with the principle aim to find biomarkers to understand pathogenesis mechanism
Build up a synthetic reference map of bovine muscle proteins
Full text linkVariability of meat quality is a major concern for industry and consumers. Many factors can affect final meat quality, such as animal welfare, breeding, feeding and transport conditions, slaughtering conditions, electrical stimulation, and chilling conditions. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) applied to meat science is a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and to understand factors related to both inter- or intraspecific meat quality. Aim of this work is to evaluate protein expression profiles in different bovine species towards the building up of an informative synthetic map of bovine muscle proteins. A synthetic gel consists of a representative set of spots generated from several registered gel images. This is a useful tool to obtain a representative profile of the proteome of bovine muscle in meat sciences. Besides, analysis of expression profiles could be a key to find protein markers for meat quality, and give deep understanding of characteristics of more suitable genotypes for meat and milk production
Proteomic analysis of multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli
No full textThe worldwide emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. The understanding of the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is extremely important for the control of these bacteria. Multidrug-resistant bacteria have frequently been reported, but information regarding proteome and its roles in the regulation of multidrug resistance is not yet available. In the current study, proteomic methodologies were used to characterize the proteome of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Strains of Escherichia coli O157, O128, O111 and O26 isolated from buffalo feces and tested using antibiotic disk susceptibility methods were analyzed. Altered proteins of these E. coli strains were identified by 2-D gel based proteomic methodologies. The changes at the protein expression level detected by 2-D gel electrophoresis were validated by Mass Spectrometry. The information obtained from this study provides novel insights into mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance and patogenicity in Escherichia coli
No full textEscherichia Coli is a Gram negative bacterium, widely studied because it represents an integrating part of the human enteric flora, even if various strains are pathogen. Moreover such strains are zoonotic agents and they can be isolate also in ruminants in which cause diarrhoea and edema. Human infection occurs via fecal-oral pathway and animals are reservoirs for this human pathogen. Lesions are characterized by intimate bacterial attachment to the host cell membrane and the destruction of microvilli at the site of bacterial adherence, caused by the accumulation of signal proteins leading to the rearrangement of cytoskeletal proteins, in particular, filamentous actin, resulting in pedestal formation at the apical cell membrane.
In recent data, the evaluation of membrane proteins, phosphoproteome and the study of
oxidative stress, can contribute to understanding the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance to
molecular level and to define new strategies for the design of highly selective therapeutic
agents.
Evaluation of protein profiles respect to various mechanisms of stress, i.e. the resistance to
antibiotics or the modification related to the antibiotic resistance, represents a valid and
integrating approach for the study of new therapeutic strategies.
In the current study, comparative proteomics was applied to identify changes in proteins
responsible for antibiotic resistance in different in vivo isolates Escherichia coli. In particular
it has been studied strains with same virulence factors, but an antibiotic profile completely
different, isolates from different organs of the same animal
Proteomic study of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains
Full text linkEnteropathogen Escherichia coli infection is the most common type of colibacillosis of young animals (primarily pigs
and calves), and it is cause of diarrhoea among travellers and children in the developing world. The main virulence
attributes of pathogens Escherichia coli are adhesins and enterotoxins, which are mostly regulated on large plasmids. In
the current study, comparative proteomics was applied to identify changes in proteins responsible for antibiotic
resistance in different in vivo isolates Escherichia coli. In particular it has been studied strains with same virulence
factors, but a completely different antibiotic profile, obtained from different organs of the same anima
Studio proteomico dei fattori associati all’antibiotico : resistenza in Escherichia coli
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