116,307 research outputs found
Impacts of fixed orthodontic appliance and clear-aligner on daily performance in adult patients with moderate need for treatment [Retraction]
No full textLin F, Yao L, Bhikoo C, Guo J. Impacts of fixed orthodontic appliance and clear-aligner on daily performance in adult patients with moderate need for treatment. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2016;10:1639–1645.The corresponding author Dr Jing Guo, was not aware that his/her name had been used and did not give permission for the paper to be published. In addition, there were serious errors in the statistical tests used. This retraction relates to this paper 
Finding Aid for the Ellington Field Research Collection,1912-1998 (#2016-0003)
No full textThe Ellington Field Research Collection contains organizational histories, newspaper articles, manuscript drafts, photographs, memos, correspondence, copied items, newsletter issues, and miscellaneous materials, compiled as research materials by NASA Johnson Space Center historian William Larsen for author and NASA summer fellow Erik Carlson to write the NASA publication Ellington Field: A Short History, 1917-1962, in February 1999. It appears that Larsen had begun a manuscript for this history, but Carlson finished it and it was published under Carlson’s name. The materials in the collection pertain to the history and operation of Ellington Field (also known as Ellington Air Force Base) near Houston, Texas. The field has been used since 1962 by NASA Johnson Space Center for test flights and other aviation-based research related to human space flight
Entrainment temporal evolution across stably and unstably stratified vapor/clear air interfaces
No full textWarm clouds as stratocumuli swathe a significant part of earth’s surface and play a major role in the global dynamics of atmosphere by strongly reflecting incoming solar radiation so that an accurate representation of their dynamics is important in large-scale analyses of atmoshperic flows [Wood 2012].The mixing and entrainment processes at the cloud top have been identified as fundamental to determine the internal structure of warm clouds, so that a clear and complete understanding of their physics is required [Gerber et al 2013]. The aim of this work is to study some of the basic phenomena which occur at a stratified interface focusing on the smallest scales of the flow which influence. These scales are important to understand the global dynamic of clouds, as pointed out by Malinowski et al (2013). To achieve the results, a campaign of high-resolution simulation of the local transport through a dry/moist air were performed by the means of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) using our home produced computational code that implements a de-aliased pseudospectral Fourier-Galerkin spatial discretization and an explicit low storage fourth order Runge-Kutta time integration scheme [Iovieno et al 2001]. We consider the interface between clear air and moist air in a 6m × 6m × 12m parallelepipedic domain coupling two homogeneous and isotropic turbulent regions with different kinetic energy that interact through a mixing layer. The energy ratio is of the same order of the ones measured in warm clouds (see, e.g., [Malinowski et al 2013]) and, furthermore, it allows us to compare our results with experiments on shearless mixing (see [Veeravalli & Warhaft 1989, Tordella & Iovieno 2011]) in absence of any stratification. For each simulation two interfaces have been obtained, one in highly stably stratified condition, and one in unstable condition. The dynamics of interfaces is analyzed through an initial temperature perturbation located across one of the vapor/clear air interfaces thus generating a local stable layer; the water vapor is treated as a passive scalar. The level of stratification is quantified with the Froude number. For the stable cases, the Froude numbers considered ranges from 12.7 (weak stratification) to 0.6 (intense stratification), while for the unstable cases Fr^2 ranges from -250 to -16. In both stable and unstable cases the evolution of the system can be split in two different phases. In the first one, the buoyancy terms are negligible, and there are no significant differences with respect to a non-stratified case. As the system evolves, the effect of stratification becomes relevant (as soon as the stratification is intense). About the unstable case layer we observe a high intermittency and an intense growth rate of the layer, which becomes overdiffusive in the case Fr^2 = −16. In particular, the entrainment, after an initial decay, asimptotically always shows a positive growth rate. Here, for reason of space, we give details about the stably stratified layer which presents a more complex dynamics associated to the onset of a pocket very low turbulent kinetic energy. It can be observed the onset of a sub-layer characterized by the presence of low values of kinetic turbulent energy. At about 8 time scales, we observe the 8% of the energy in the wapor cloud and the 50% of the kinetic energy in the clear-air region. A similar trend was also observed in the LES cloud topped boundary layer simulations carried out by using Deardoff TKE model (NCAR group) and by using the ARAP TKE model (WVU group) [Moeng et al 1996]. The presence of such sublayer induces the formation of two local interfaces. Both of these interfaces present an intermittent behavior, and the entrainment (flux of dry air into the moist one) is blocked; the velocity of the moist air front can be considered a characteristic parameter, since the entrainment of clear air is responsible of the growth of the cloud [Mellado 2010, Moeng 2000]. As a consequence, the entrainment of clear air is confined to a thin interfacial layer. Also the dissipative terms inside the pit becomes relatively more important compared to the kinetic energy, making the pit deeper and deeper with respect to the external regions
Prediction of interior daylight under clear sky conditions.
No full textMost available techniques for predicting internal daylight illuminance do not take into
account reflected sunlight, nor the fact that under clear sky conditions the direction of
the illuminance is usually upwards, not downwards from the sky.
The general goal of this study is to investigate the issue of predicting the internal
illuminance from natural light in clear sky conditions. This includes the possibility of
proposing a method based on the concept of the average daylight factor for use in
sunny climates.
This thesis is divided into eight chapters. After introducing the problem in Chapter
One, Chapter Two is a literature review of problems associated with utilising natural
light in sunny regions.
Chapter Three is the statement of the problem and how it will be solved.
Existing equations for finding the average daylight factor have one thing in common:
they assume that the incident light on the window comes directly from an overcast
sky or by external reflection from it. If any of these equations are to be used under
clear sky conditions, or a new method is to be developed based on the same
concepts, the sensitivity of average internal illuminance to the direction of external
light needs to be tested. A study of this is described in Chapter Four.
Chapter Five tests, by numerical simulation, the performance of existing average
daylight factor methods under clear sky conditions. It is concluded that they are not
appropriate for sunny regions. The tests, and the conclusions from Chapter Four,
do, however, suggest a new approach. This has two bases. The first is that it has
been shown to be possible to relate incident light on the window plane to horizontal
sky illuminance, and this sets a minimum condition for window design. In practice
this can be used in conjunction with a limiting maximum window size based on heat
gain and other environmental issues. The second basis is a new formula for relating
average internal illuminance to external window plane illuminance. The overall result
is a formula for predicting internal illuminance as a ratio of external horizontal sky
iluminance.
In Chapter Seven this approach is tested. Two methods are used: field measurements
under real sky conditions, and comparison with detailed calculations
FRED at SCHOOL
No full textThis is an “Audience development” project conceived for secondary schools, in all
European countries. Its objective is raising awareness of European films and
culture among young people (students aged 14 - 16).
It will promote film education with screenings in schools, supported by internet
radio - the radio will be used as an alternative way to promote film literacy in
most European languages. Students will also be involved in the creation of radio
content in their own native language. It is therefore a film literacy project which
also includes training in effective film radio communication
Trisomy 19 ependymoma, a newly recognized genetico-histological association, including clear cell ependymoma
No full textEpendymal tumors constitute a clinicopathologically heterogeneous group of brain tumors. They vary in regard to their age at first symptom, localization, morphology and prognosis. Genetic data also suggests heterogeneity. We define a newly recognized subset of ependymal tumors, the trisomy 19 ependymoma. Histologically, they are compact lesions characterized by a rich branched capillary network amongst which tumoral cells are regularly distributed. When containing clear cells they are called clear cell ependymoma. Most trisomy 19 ependymomas are supratentorial WHO grade III tumors of the young. Genetically, they are associated with trisomy 19, and frequently with a deletion of 13q21.31-31.2, three copies of 11q13.3-13.4, and/or deletions on chromosome 9. These altered chromosomal regions are indicative of genes and pathways involved in trisomy 19 ependymoma tumorigenesis. Recognition of this genetico-histological entity allows better understanding and dissection of ependymal tumors
Chromosome 9p deletion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts recurrence and survival following surgery
No full textBackground:Wider clinical applications of 9p status in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are limited owing to the lack of validation and consensus for interphase fluorescent in situ hybridisation (I-FISH) scoring technique. The aim of this study was to analytically validate the applicability of I-FISH in assessing 9p deletion in ccRCC and to clinically assess its long-term prognostic impact following surgical excision of ccRCC.Methods:Tissue microarrays were constructed from 108 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumour paraffin blocks. Interphase fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis was undertaken based on preset criteria by two independent observers to assess interobserver variability. 9p status in ccRCC tumours was determined and correlated to clinicopathological variables, recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival.Results:There were 80 ccRCCs with valid 9p scoring and a median follow-up of 95 months. Kappa statistic for interobserver variability was 0.71 (good agreement). 9p deletion was detected in 44% of ccRCCs. 9p loss was associated with higher stage, larger tumours, necrosis, microvascular and renal vein invasion, and higher SSIGN (stage, size, grade and necrosis) score. Patients with 9p-deleted ccRCC were at a higher risk of recurrence (P=0.008) and RCC-specific mortality (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, 9p deletion was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 4.323; P=0.021) and RCC-specific mortality (hazard ratio 4.603; P=0.007). The predictive accuracy of SSIGN score improved from 87.7% to 93.1% by integrating 9p status to the model (P=0.001).Conclusions:Loss of 9p is associated with aggressive ccRCC and worse prognosis in patients following surgery. Our findings independently confirm the findings of previous reports relying on I-FISH to detect 9p (CDKN2A) deletion.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 19 August 2014; doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.420 www.bjcancer.com
Book Review: The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-Determination
No full textAuthor: Duane F. Stroman
Publisher: University Press of America, 2003
Cost: Paperback - $37.00 USD
Reviewer: Mike Clea
Ovarian Clear Cell Adenofibroma of Low Malignant Potential developing into Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
No full textOvarian clear cell adenofibroma is uncommon, and borderline clear cell adenofibroma (low malignant potential) is extremely rare. Borderline clear cell adenofibromas may represent the precursor lesion of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary, but this has not been established. We present a case of a woman in her mid-fifties with a clear cell adenofibroma ranging from benign to borderline to frankly invasive. While some clear cell adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from endometriosis, this range of findings supports the theory that some ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas originate from borderline tumors.Peer reviewe
The student's guide to completing an author study
No full textThe 'Student's guide to completing an author study' emerged during the early development of the school library resource center program at Glen Stewart Elementary School in Stratford Canada on Prince Edward Island. This research process centered on an author study, with direct teaching and clear assignment. The resulting model has been adapted to various grade levels and subject areas in different schools.Source type: Electronic(1)http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=49237063&Fmt=7&clientId=65345&RQT=309&VName=PQ
- …
