305 research outputs found
Natural language processing: An overview of models, transformers and applied practices
No full text[EN] The study of utilizing human language in computer systems referred to as NLP, is becoming increasingly significant in various aspects of life, including research, daily activities, commerce, and entrepreneurship endeavors. A multitude of tech companies are dedicating resources towards the development and improvement of NLP methods, models, and products. To add to that, open-source contributions to the field are on the rise. However, with so much progress being made, it may be challenging to understand the current state of NLP and what models are considered to be the most efficient. To help those grappling with the fast-paced and constantly evolving NLP landscape, we have put together a comprehensive overview of the latest NLP research and advancements.Canchila, S.; Meneses-Eraso, C.; Casanoves-Boix, J.; Cortés-Pellicer, P.; Castello-Sirvent, F. (2024). Natural language processing: An overview of models, transformers and applied practices. Computer Science and Information Systems. 21(3):1097-1145. https://doi.org/10.2298/CSIS230217031CS1097114521
Evaluation of Multienvironment Trials of Peanut Cultivars
No full textMultienvironment yield trials (MET) for advanced peanut lines are conducted each year at the EEA-Manfredi Peanut Breeding Pro-gram, the main INTA program for developing new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars for cultivation in the Argentinean crop area. The main objective of this work was the simultaneous analysis of several multienvironment yield tests first to identify superior cultivars for the peanut crop area in Argentina, and second to investigate if different megaenvironments exist. The simultaneous evaluation of several years of MET provides information that allows researchers to better guide breeding strategies. We analyze a 6-yr series of grain yield data from MET, involving 18 genotypes and five test locations using six by-year analyses of complete yield data sets and an Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) mixed model analysis combining all 6 yr of MET. AMMI models in a mixed model framework were used for exploring genotype?environment (GE) in-teraction since the lists of genotypes annually tested in multienviron-ment trials vary from year to year since new genotypes are introduced every year and others are withdrawn. The results allowed us to identify mf484 and mf505 as superior cultivars and confirm the existence of a unique megaenvironment for identifying high yield cultivars in the peanut crop area of Argentina. The mixed model approach of MET data was successfully implemented to analyze highly unbalanced GE data sets.Fil: Casanoves, Fernando. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza; Puerto RicoFil: Baldessari, J.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Balzarini, Monica Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin
Desarrollo de protocolos de muestreo y evaluación de la relación de prácticas agrícolas con la población de plagas cuarentenarias en Dracaena marginata en Costa Rica
No full textTesis (Mag.Sc.) - CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2006El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un protocolo para el muestreo de plagas cuarentenarias y determinar el efecto de las prácticas agrícolas que los productores utilizan en los sistemas de producción de Dracaena marginata var. verde, magenta y bicolor sobre las poblaciones de plagas cuarentenarias. Las plagas cuarentenarias evaluadas fueron escamas, moluscos, testigónidos y cicadélidos. Los resultados muestran que debido a que las plagas generalmente tienen una distribución agregada, el muestreo sistemático de 10x10 es útil para detectar estos patrones de agregación en el campo.
The objective of this study was to establish a guide for the sampling of the quarantined pests and to determine the effect of agricultural practices used in the production of Dracaena marginata var. green, magenta y bi-color on their populations. The pest that were studied were scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea), snails (Stylommatophora: Succineidae), katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadelliadae). The results indicate that the pest appear in an aggregated distribution, therefore a sampling density of 10x10 is a useful method to detect it in a plantation
Error Variation in Multienvironment Peanut Trials: Within‐Trial Spatial Correlation and Between‐Trial Heterogeneity
No full textMultienvironment Trials (MET) are used to make cultivar recommendations about genotypes in plant breeding programs. Because of the presence of genotype × environment interaction, METs are usually conducted in multiple environments using designs that involve several replications per environment. Blocking of plots within each trial enables one to account for between plot variation. To improve the comparison of genotype means, taking into account within-trial spatial correlation as well as between-trial residual variance heterogeneity, alternative mixed models can be used. The objective of this study was to compare several spatial models, including or excluding heterogeneity of residual variances for cultivar evaluation in a set of independent peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) METs. The modeling impact was evaluated by comparing genotype means from each trial. A series of 18 METs from a peanut breeding program, as according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at each location, were simultaneously fitted by (i) a classic analysis of variance model for an RCBD with blocks random and (ii) mixed models incorporating spatial correlation through isotropic and anisotropic covariance structures for the error terms (power correlation function) and including homogenous and heterogeneous residual variances to take into account the different environments having different precision. Results suggest that the model with stationary anisotropic error structure AR1×AR1 within each environment and heterogeneous residual variances constitutes a good alternative analysis for METs, but it was not always better than the RCBD models for peanut. Differences were found between long- and short-cycle peanut cultivars with respect to the best model.Fil: Casanoves, Fernando. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Puerto RicoFil: Macchiavelli, R.. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Balzarini, Monica Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin
Surface activity, sex ratio and diversity of scorpions in two different habitats in an Arid Chaco reserve, Argentina
No full textScorpions are one of the most important taxa of predators in terms of density, biomass, and diversity in various areas of the world. In this study, we compared population- and community-level data between a mature and a secondary forest in the Chancaní Reserve (Córdoba, Argentina). Scorpions were collected using pitfall traps (54 nights per site), and their nocturnal activity was observed by means of UV light (26 nights per site) over 7 months. Seven species of scorpions (1964 individuals) were observed in the study area (Bothriuridae and Buthidae). Brachistosternus ferrugineus composed >74 % of all individuals and was numerically dominant in most months. It was the most common species sampled with UV light method in all months (85.73 % in mature and 81.80 % in secondary forest). Timogenes elegans was the most common species sampled with the pitfall traps method in secondary forest (48.58 %). General sex ratio (males:females) for B. ferrugineus was 1:1.24 and for T. elegans was 1:0.53. The Shannon index was not significantly different between sites. Species richness was similar, and the Jaccard index was Cs = 0.86, indicating that both sites share 86 % of the species. Tityus confluens was the only species not shared between sites. Our results indicate that species composition in regenerating forest resembles that of primary forest after c. 15 years, but the relative abundances of these species differ.Fil: Nime, Mónica Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal; ArgentinaFil: Casanoves, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientiÂficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronomicas de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Mattoni, Camilo Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal; Argentin
Quantifying Functional Biodiversity, F. Pla, F. Casanoves, J. Di Rienzo, Springer, Berlin (2012), 98 pp.
No full textAutomatización y control de un proceso y almacenamiento de batidos.
No full text[ES] La finalidad del proyecto consiste en la automatización de una instalación industrial, esta
automatización se caracteriza por la sustitución de la mano de obra de los operarios,
para aquellas tareas repetitivas o para aquellos trabajos que puedan suponer un peligro
para el ser humano.
Este documento presentará un diseño de control de una planta de elaboración de
batidos, y una supervisión de todas las tareas que se lleven a cabo para lograr las
elaboraciones de estos batidos, informado a los operarios que se encuentren en la
planta de la instalación del estado de la elaboración. La comunicación entre el operario
y la instalación se verá reflejada en una pantalla, donde se podrán planificar los
procesos.
La justificación de la selección de los elementos utilizados para la automatización
quedará reflejada en el documento, así como todas las alternativas posibles.
Para alcanzar los requisitos de seguridad y fiabilidad, se introducirán funciones de
seguridad en el programa y en la pantalla para asegurar que, en caso de producirse algún
fallo eléctrico o algún error de planificación, no cause daños a ningún ser humano ni a
ninguno de los elementos de la instalación[EN] The purpose of the project is the automation of an industrial installation, this
automation is characterized by the replacement of the labor of the operators for those
repetitive tasks or for those jobs that may pose a danger to the human being.
This document will present a control design of a smoothie production plant, and a
supervision of all the tasks carried out to achieve the elaborations of these shakes,
informing the operators who are in the plant of the installation the state of the
elaboration. The communication between the operator and the installation will be
reflected on a screen, where the processes can be planned.
The justification for the selection of the elements used for automation will be reflected
in the document, as well as all possible alternatives.
To achieve the safety and reliability requirements, safety functions will be introduced in
the program and on the screen to ensure that, in the event of an electrical failure or
planning error, it does not cause damage to any human being or any of the elements of
the installation[CA] La finalitat del projecte és l'automatització d'una instal·lació industrial, aquesta
automatització es caracteritza per la substitució del treball dels operaris per aquelles
tasques repetitives o per aquells treballs que puguin suposar un perill per a l'ésser humà.
Aquest document presentarà un disseny de control d'una planta de producció de batuts,
i una supervisió de totes les tasques realitzades per aconseguir les elaboracions
d'aquests batuts, informant als operaris que es troben a la planta de la instal·lació de
l'estat de l'elaboració. La comunicació entre l'operador i la instal·lació es reflectirà en
una pantalla, on es podran planificar els processos.
La justificació per a la selecció dels elements utilitzats per a l'automatització es reflectirà
en el document, així com totes les alternatives possibles.
Per aconseguir els requisits de seguretat i fiabilitat, s'introduiran funcions de seguretat
en el programa i en la pantalla per assegurar-se que, en cas d'avaria elèctrica o error de
planificació, no causi danys a cap ésser humà ni a cap dels elements de la instal·lacióLegido Casanoves, F. (2021). Automatización y control de un proceso y almacenamiento de batidos. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/175979TFG
Microhabitat use and behavior differ across sex-age classes in the scorpion Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae)
No full textIntra- and interspecific coexistence has been recorded in several species of scorpions, reflecting different levels of aggregation and sociability. Some species of scorpions avoid temporal or spatial overlap of their surface activities, which may differ depending on species, age group or gender, and thus reduce intra- and interspecific competition and predation. We examined the surface activity of males, females and juveniles (sex-age class) of the scorpion Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876) in an area of Arid Chaco, and also its microhabitat preference and behavior by each sex-age class. The month-by-month activity of each sex-age class was different, but all the classes were observed each month. The most frequently used microhabitat was soil (64.8%), while leaf litter and vegetation were used in similar proportions. The behavior most frequently observed was ambush (68.3%), followed by walking and less frequently feeding, doorkeeping and courting. Each sex-age class performed one particular behavior with more frequency than the others. Analyzing combinations of microhabitat, behavior and sex-age class, we found the juveniles were associated with feeding on vegetation, males with walking on leaf litter, while females were related to ambush on soil. No marked temporal distribution between sex-age classes was observed. However, the spatial distribution and frequency of behaviors were highly dependent on developmental stage and sex. These differences may facilitate understanding of the coexistence of different age-sex classes of B. ferrugineus.Fil: Nime, Mónica Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Casanoves, Fernando. Unidad de Bioestadística del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza; Costa RicaFil: Mattoni, Camilo Ivan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentin
Populações de minhocas em sistemas agroflorestais com café convencional e orgânico.
No full textObjetivou-se, neste estudo, determinar se as populações das minhocas são alteradas em função do manejo do café (Coffea arabica) em Turrialba, Costa Rica. Os seguintes sistemas de cultivo do café foram estudados: a pleno sol (PS) e sombreado com eritrina, Erythrina poeppigiana (E); terminalia, Terminalia amazonia (T) e cashá, Chloroleucon eurycyclum (Ab). A hipótese foi de que 0 manejo orgânico do café e 0 fornecimento da serapilheira de melhor qualidade favoreceria a diversidade, a densidade e a biomassa das minhocas. As populações das minhocas foram alteradas, em função do manejo com insumos sintéticos ou orgânicos , sendo a densidade menor no café a pleno sol. Entre as espécies utilizadas no sombreamento, a eritrina parece limitar a abundância das minhocas. Contudo, favorece a diversidade das mesmas, tendo sido registradas duas espécies de minhocas com papeis ecológicos diferenciados, Pontoseolex corethrurus, endogeica e Mefaphire califomiea, anécica; ao contrario dos demais tratamentos, onde somente foi encontrada a primeira espécie, considerada cosmopolita com distribuição pantropical. The aim of this study was to determine whether the populations of the earthworms are altered by coffee systems in Turrialba, Costa Rica. The following coffee management systems were studied: the sun and shading with Erythrina poeppigiana; terminalia, Terminalia amazonia or cashá, Chloroleucon eurycuclum. The hypothesis was that the organic management of the coffee and the litter input of better quality would favor the diversity, the density and the biomass of the earthworms. The populations of earthworms were differentiated with the synthetic or organic input. However, the density was lower in the coffee under the sun anyone the used species in the agroforestry, the eritrina seems to limit the abundance of the earthworms, but it favors the diversity of the same ones, being registered two species of earthworms with differentiated ecological roles, Pontoscolex corethrurus, endogeic, specie cosmopolita with pantropical distribution and Metapbire califomica, anecic. On the contrary of other treatments where only the first species was found.Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza-CATIE-Costa Rica
Physiological quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds with different degrees of maturity
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer para las condiciones de cultivo de maní en Córdoba (Argentina) qué incidencia tiene la madurez de los frutos sobre la calidad de las semillas que se encuentran en su interior, a fin de especificar qué porcentaje de maduración es el óptimo para la cosecha cuando el destino es la producción de semillas. Se utilizaron frutos producidos bajo condiciones hídricas diferentes, que fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su madurez. Se determinó el perfil de maduración y el peso seco de las semillas de cada grado de madurez. Las semillas de los grados de madurez 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 fueron sometidas a las pruebas de germinación estándar, peso medio de plántulas y envejecimiento acelerado. El cultivo sin limitantes hídricas aumentó la proporción de frutos maduros. No hubo incidencia del grado de maduración sobre la germinación estándar de las semillas, pero sí ligeramente sobre la germinación luego de ser sometidas a envejecimiento acelerado. El peso medio de plántulas sin sus cotiledones fue marcadamente afectado por la madurez de las semillas.The objective of this article was to establish, for peanut crop production in Córdoba (Argentina), the incidence of fruit maturity on seed physiological quality, with the purpose of determining the best maturity percentage for peanut harvest when the finality is seed production. Fruits obtained under different water conditions were classified by maturity. Maturity profiles and seed dry weight in each maturity class were determined. The seeds of each maturity class were utilized in standard germination, seedling dry weight, and accelerated ageing tests. Irrigation treatment significantly increased the fruit maturity proportion. There was no incidence of maturity on seed standard germination but a slight effect on germination following accelerated ageing. The seedling dry weight, without its cotyledons, was significantly affected by seed maturity
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