3,478 research outputs found
Application de la téchnique de flottation - hiperoxygénation à la clarification du moût de mouscat de canelli: ses effets sur le profil arômatique des moûts et des vins
No full textApplication de la téchnique de flottation - hiperoxygénation à la clarification du moût de mouscat de canelli: ses effets sur le profil arômatique des moûts et des vin
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS TO BE APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF AVIAN ROTAVIRUSES
No full textRotaviruses (RVs) are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals of mammalian and avian species. In avian species, group A and D are represented with high frequency, while group F and G are sporadic. Enteric syndrome in young birds is a major concern to the poultry industry, causing severe economic losses. Monitoring Rotavirus distribution in different avian species is crucial to uncover diversity among strains and to better understand RV ecology in the field.
The aims of this project were: i) to provide information on distribution of the different RV groups in avian species suffering enteritis in Italy; genetic diversity of RVs in these species; dynamics and timing of RV infection within flocks; and ii) to develop new and updated diagnostic protocols to be applied in the diagnostic routine and for research use.
The data collected during a period of nine years, indicate that the infection is widespread in the Italian production, with an average prevalence of 20% in commercial flocks and 15% in game-hunting species.
All the 117 samples analysed in the present study originated from poultry flocks that presented one or more clinical signs and lesions associated with enteric diseases. Clinical manifestations consisted mostly of diarrhoea, dehydration, anorexia, weight loss and increased mortality. By statistical analysis it was not observed any significant correlation between the general clinical signs/lesions or gastro-enteric lesions observed in the field and at post mortem examination with the presence of different AvRV groups or different combinations of groups, even with regard to the different species involved (p>0.05).
From the 117 samples tested by group-specific RT-PCRs, AvRV-D was detected in 107 (91.5%), AvRV-A in 70 (59.9%), AvRV-F in 61 (52.1%) and AvRV-G in 31 (26.5%). Only 17% of samples showed the presence of a single rotavirus group (AvRV-A or AvRV-D), but dual or multiple presence of rotaviruses of different AvRV groups was observed in the majority of samples. Group D is the predominant RV in Italy, representing the most commonly found RV in all the species investigated. The identification of several avian rotaviruses (AvRVs) belonging to group F and group G in partridge, pheasant and guinea fowl, suggests that the lack of specific detection methods could have underestimated the real diffusion of these two groups in the past.
The use of new group-specific RT-PCRs developed and performed on a set of clinical specimens tested positive for RVs by Electron Microscopy (EM), allowed the rapid genetic screening of AvRVs circulating within the avian rotavirus main groups. In this study, 175 complete sequences were obtained (17 of NSP4A, 20 of VP6A, 5 of VP4A, 35 of NSP4D, 34 of VP6D, 9 of VP4D, 17 of VP7D, 21 of VP6F and 13 of VP6G). No correlation between year of isolation nor avian species and the different RV-groups was observed.
Regarding results obtained from longitudinal studies in turkeys, the infection was already present in the first weeks of life; after 2/3 weeks a second infection outbreak happened in the same herds. Phylogenetic analysis of samples collected during the longitudinal study in turkey flocks showed that different RV-groups and different strains from the same group were present in the same flock, evidencing complex RV groups/strains patterns that modified in time. Results of chicken longitudinal study reinforced the hypothesis of a primary pathogenetic role of astrovirus-rotavirus infections in enteric syndrome during first weeks of life
Efeito de porta-enxerto na fenologia e desenvolvimento de bagas de videira Moscato Canelli.
No full textCom o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de porta-enxertos na fenologia e no desenvolvimento das bagas da videira para vinho ?Moscato Canelli?, este trabalho foi conduzido no Campo Experimental do Bebedouro e no Laboratório de Sementes/Fisiologia Vegetal da Embrapa Semi-Árido, Petrolina-PE, no período de junho a outubro de 2006. A fenologia e o desenvolvimento das bagas foram avaliados em videiras ?Moscato Canelli? sobre os porta-enxertos IAC 572 e 1103 Paulsen, plantadas em setembro de 2002. O ciclo de produção teve inicio a partir da poda, realizada no dia 12/06/06. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos (porta-enxertos: IAC 572 e 1103 Paulsen) e cinco repetições. Não houve influência do porta-enxerto sobre as fases fenológicas. As videiras enxertadas sobre o IAC 572 apresentaram maior volume, diâmetro e massa das bagas em relação às videiras enxertadas sobre o 1103 Paulsen
Potencial hídrico foliar em videira para vinho Moscato Canelli submetida à diferentes porta-enxertos e manejo de irrigação.
No full textEste trabalho, realizado entre junho e dezembro de 2006, teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de dois manejos de irrigação com restrição hídrica (PRD - irrigação parcial das raízes e RDI - irrigação com déficit hídrico controlado) e dois porta-enxertos (IAC 572 e 1003P) sobre as relações hídricas da cultivar de uva para vinho Moscato Canelli
Prognosis after acute unilateral vestibulopathy: Usefulness of the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP)
No full textOBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aims to describe the features of the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) in acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUV) and to define its role in predicting the recovery of patients. METHODS: Thirty patients diagnosed with AUV were retrospectively analyzed. The dizziness handicap inventory score and video head impulse test parameters performed 4-8 weeks from the AUV onset constituted the main outcome measures. Patients with a worse recovery (Group 1) and patients who recovered spontaneously (Group 2) were compared. RESULTS: The SHIMP vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain was statistically significantly lower than the conventional head impulse paradigm (HIMP) VOR gain (P < 0.001). The SHIMP VOR gain was negatively correlated with the DHI (P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with the HIMP VOR gain (P < 0.001) and the SHIMP overt saccades (%) (P < 0.001). Patients with a worse recovery exhibited the following: higher DHI (P < 0.001), lower SHIMP and HIMP VOR gain (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively), and lower SHIMP and greater HIMP overt saccade prevalence values (P = 0.007 and P = 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The SHIMP and HIMP help in improving our approach to AUV. SHIMP appears to better identify the extent of the vestibular damage in patient suffering from AUV than HIMP and could provide interesting information about the course of the disease. Particularly, the analysis of SHIMP VOR gain and overt saccade prevalence would provide useful information about the recovery of patients
Cochlear implantation in patients with asymmetric hearing loss: reporting and discussing the benefits in speech perception, speech reception threshold, squelch abilities, and patients’ reported outcomes
No full textN-
Trends in preoperative carbohydrate load practice: A systematic review
No full textBackgroundThe preoperative carbohydrate load (PCL) is intended to improve surgical outcomes by reducing the catabolic state induced by overnight fasting. However, there is disagreement on the optimal PCL prescription, leaving local institutions without a standardized PCL recommendation. Results from studies that do not prescribe PCL in identical ways cannot be pooled to draw larger conclusions on outcomes affected by the PCL. The aim of this systematic review is to catalog prescribed PCL characteristics, including timing of ingestion, percentage of carbohydrate contribution, and volume, to ultimately standardize PCL practice.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized controlled trials were included if they studied at least one group of patients who were prescribed a PCL and the PCL was described with respect to timing of ingestion, carbohydrate contribution, and total volume.ResultsA total of 67 studies with 6551 patients were included in this systematic review. Of the studies, 49.3% were prescribed PCL on the night before surgery and morning of surgery, whereas 47.8% were prescribed PCL on the morning of surgery alone. The mean prescribed carbohydrate concentration was 13.5% (+/- 3.4). The total volume prescribed was 648.2 ml (+/- 377).ConclusionVariation in PCL practices prevent meaningful data pooling and outcome analysis, highlighting the need for standardized PCL prescription. Efforts dedicated to the establishment of a gold standard PCL prescription are necessary so that studies can be pooled and analyzed with respect to meaningful clinical end points that impact surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction
Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids Fitted According to NAL and DSL Procedures in Adults with Mixed Hearing Loss
No full textBACKGROUND: Bone-anchored hearing aids represent a valid alternative for patients with conductive/mixed hearing loss who cannot use hearing aids. To date, these devices have given good audiological results, thanks to various fitting prescription programs (i.e., National Acoustic Laboratories and Desired Sensation Level). The aim of this study is to compare 2 types of fitting algorithms (National Acoustic Laboratories and Desired Sensation Level) implemented for bone-anchored hearing devices. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 10 patients followed at our operative unit, suffering from bilateral symmetrical mixed hearing loss and who underwent bone-anchored hearing aid implantation. All patients experienced each prescriptive procedure, National Acoustic Laboratories and Desired Sensation Level, for 7 months (on average), and they were subjected to audiological tests and questionnaires to evaluate the best program. RESULTS: National Acoustic Laboratories and Desired Sensation Level prescriptions yielded similar results. Desired Sensation Level allowed less amplification of the low frequencies than the National Acoustic Laboratories prescription, and these differences were the only statistically significant. Desired Sensation Level allowed better disyllabic word and sentence recognition scores only in quiet and not in noisy conditions. The subjective questionnaires showed similar results. At the end of the trial sessions, more patients (60%) definitively chose the Desired Sensation Level program for their device. These patients were those with a worse hearing threshold. CONCLUSION: The 2 prescriptive programs allowed similar results although patients with a worse threshold seem to prefer the DSL program. This is the first evaluation of the 2 prescriptive programs, National Acoustic Laboratories versus Desired Sensation Level, for bone conduction devices available in the literature. Further studies are needed to confirm this initial finding
Ecografia Oculare: Quadri clinici - Seconda Parte
No full textVengono descritti i quadri ecografi ci di alcune
patologie oculari del vitreo, retina, coroide,
corpo ciliare, sclera e nervo ottico. Senza
l’ausilio di questo strumento, il medico può
non essere in grado di rilevare o gestire una
varietà di malattie oculari. Ma, l’ecografi a Ascan
e B-scan richiede formazione, tempo
ed esperienza per raggiungere un elevato
livello di imaging di qualità
Extended-hearing targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection
No full textThe importance of neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is widely shared in the world scientific literature. However, currently, no programs for universal neonatal screening for cCMV have been reported in the literature, and only a few experiences of hearing targeted cCMV screening have been published. In the Tuscany Region, Italy, screening for cCMV has been mandatory since 2008 for each newborn that result "refer" at the Transient Evoked Otoacoustics Emissions (TEOAE) test, and in our university hospital since 2012, it has been extended to some categories at risk of cCMV
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