78 research outputs found
Discussion of “Systematic evaluation of one-dimensional unsteady friction models in simple pipelines” by J.P. Vitkovsky; A. Bergant; A.R. Simpson; and M. F. Lambert.
No full textThe discussers appreciate the authors’ attempt at systematizing
the main results of the research on unsteady-state friction models
for pressurized flow. Although in the last decades, much attention,
both experimental and theoretical, has been given to this problem,
a comprehensive model is still needed. In the present discussion,
the experimental foundation of the two results pointed out by the
authors, both related to the instantaneous acceleration-based
IAB model by Brunone et al. 1991, 1995, is highlighted
Active House and user-friendly visualization of sensors’ monitored data: VELUXlab, a real cognitive and smart NZEB prototype
No full textEuropean standards had already set Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) as the current and mandatory goal for the construction market. Thus, several design strategies have been developed, in order to define the best practices towards NZEB targets: high performances of construction components, integrated with high energy-efficiency solutions for building systems. The Active House Vision and evaluative approach on buildings summarize the current protocols, accounting the three principles of Comfort, Energy and Environment to parametrically design and assess buildings until their "as-built" status. However, at that point of the design process, this evaluation relies mainly on design simulations, which do not properly consider the occupants' component, resulting in a gap between forecast and real performances. Since predictive models of users-building interactions are underway, the paper focuses on the building operation stage of existing and validated NZEBuildings, addressing the performance-gap as related to the final users' mismanagement of the building system (envelope and installations). Referring to cognitive buildings as sensors-equipped and smart Active Houses, the method proposes a user-friendly visualization of (big) real-data as a possible solution for the final-user training and awareness. This approach has been applied to the case study of VELUXlab, a real building prototype of Politecnico di Milano, already validated as the first Italian NZEB inside a university campus and "as-built" Active House. The outcomes of the paper enhance the potentials of the current knowledge and design practice to achieve a sustainable and healthier built environment, looking at the future but working today
INSEGNARE COSTRUENDO - ARCHITETTURA TEMPORANEA TRA RICERCA E DIDATTICA TEACHING AND BUILDING - TEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN RESEARCH AND DIDACTICS
No full textLo sviluppo di tecnologie progettuali digitali offre alla didattica indubbi strumenti di proiezione: progettazione, pro-jectare, gettarsi in avanti. Design parametrico, BIM, realtà aumentata sono ormai presenti nel lessico e nel bagaglio professionale, ma spesso creano un distacco dalla realtà e dalla materialità. L’architettura, l’unica vera, è quella costruita, in cui l’essenza materica e spaziale di-mostra se gli assunti teorici siano o meno validi. Immaginare percorsi didattici che portino gli allievi a realizzare veri manufatti è un approccio innovativo, inusuale, che coniuga ricerca didattica a ricerca materica. L’articolo delinea un percorso di collaborazione fra varie realtà istituzionali e ne traccia premesse, metodologie, risultati, proponendo futuri sviluppi di ricerca e offrendo opportunità di disseminazione, replicabilità e diffusione.The development of digital design technologies offers undoubted teaching tools for design and planning: project, pro-jectare, throwing forward. Parametric design, BIM, augmented reality are now present in vocabulary and professional skills, but they often create a detachment from reality and materiality. The architecture, the unique and real one, is the built one, in which the material and spatial essences demonstrate whether the theoretical assumptions are valid or not. Imagining educational paths that lead students to create real artifacts is an innovative, unusual approach that combines educational research with applied research. The article outlines a path of collaboration among various institutions and tracks the premises, methodologies, and results, proposing future research developments and offering opportunities for dissemination, replication, and dissemination
Discussion of 'Evaluation of unsteady flow resistances by quasi-2D or 1D models' by G. Pezzinga
No full textLa discussion non ha abstrac
Lateral costal artery: accessory thoracic vessel of clinical interest
No full textThe lateral costal artery (LCA), a supernumerary branch of the internal thoracic artery (ITA), occurs in several ethnic groups on one side of the thorax or on both, in 15-30% of cases. It has been considered responsible for the "steal-syndrome" of the coronary blood after coronary artery bypass grafting and it used occasionally for myocardial revascularization. To clarify its functional significance, an interpretation based on our findings and human and comparative anatomy and embryology has been attempted. We report on a case where a right LCA of about 2 mm in caliber, rising from the ITA 2.5 cm below the subclavian, coursed as far as the 4th intercostal space for a distance of 13 cm after the anterior axillary line. Anastomosing with the intercostal arteries, it can act as a blood derivative circuit of the thoracic wall. Embryologically, this artery, like the normal parietal arteries of the trunk, might form a longitudinal channel connecting the intersegmental arteries. In mammals having a thoracic cage transversely restricted (quadrupeds), the ITA is more lateral than in primates having a circular thorax, and gives off a ventral branch toward the sternum. It might be hypothesized that the sternal branch occurring in quadrupeds, undergoing adaptation to the thoracic shape of primates, may become the main trunk of the ITA, whereas the LCA may be the remnant of the ITA of quadrupeds. Because the LCA ran partly along the "milk line" of humans, it might be regarded as a supernumerary mammary artery. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc
An unusual case of bifurcation of the left superior pulmonary vein as revealed durino dissection
No full textInter-ActiveHouse: users-driven building performances for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Mediterranean climates
No full textBuilding simulations rely on fixed assumptions and mathematical models to describe a specific building scenario, overlooking the building occupants’ component. Almost 40% of in-home energy use is due occupants interacts with the building systems. The goal of this paper is to understand the magnitude of the performance gap when applied to two case studies in a Mediterranean climate. A set of scenarios are simulated assuming both a typical building usage and possible variations given by the users’ interactions with shading, ventilation and cooling systems. Results show that the magnitude of the effects with a negative impact is bigger if compared to actions that might have a positive influence, this means that simulated results with standard usage assumptions are not an average of the possible effects but they reflect an optimistic outcome given by the optimal equipment usage
Turbulence, friction and energy dissipation in transient pipe flow. Ch. 9
No full textThe paper analyzes the energy dissipation in transient pipe flow focusing on friction and its relation with turbulence. Other important mechanisms of energy dissipation are also analyzed, in particular the viscoelastic behavior of polymeric pipes. Different models for the evaluation of friction forces and the ir limitations are examined
by comparison with new experimental data
From Cognitive Buildings to Digital Twin: The Frontier of Digitalization for the Management of the Built Environment
No full textThe BIM holistic approach leads the AEC sector to manage all the different disciplines involved in the construction process. Its nDimensions, indeed, concern geometry, structure, systems (3D), work-site management—also in terms of time and costs—(4D, 5D), safety, energy performances (6D), maintenance and building management (7D). Besides the analysis of the state of the art, the n + 1 dome case study has been used to explain the advantages of BIM, sensitization and digital tool application for both product and asset management (PIM, AIM). Finally, the chapter illustrates the potential of Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), moving from Cognitive to Predictive buildings, nowadays conceived as the new perspective of 4.0 construction
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