158 research outputs found
Corrigendum to “Impact of indoor feeding at late lactation stage on body reserves recovery and reproductive performances of Baladi dairy goats fed on pastoral system (vol 90, pg 127, 2010)”
No full textUn erratum à cet article est paru dans le Small Ruminant Research 2011, 96 (2), page 217 : "The author regrets that during the publication of this paper an error occurred within a reference. The corrected reference is reproduced below: Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Faulconnier, Y., Bonnet, M., Rouel, J., Bocquier, F., 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 127–134."The author regrets that during the publication of this paper an error occurred within a reference. The corrected reference is reproduced below:Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Faulconnier, Y., Bonnet, M., Rouel, J., Bocquier, F., 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 127–134
Postweaning adaptation of liver activity to solid diet in goat kids
No full textIn ruminants, the transition from milk diet to solid diet requires the adaptation of liver metabolism and activity, that shift from glycolytic to gluconeogenic pathways. Moreover, the requirement of amino acid by the digestive apparatus is high and may affect amino acid availability for growth, so the first days after the removal of milk represent a critical phase during which kids can experience growth stasis or weight loss.
The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in liver composition and activity in Saanen goat kids, during the first days after the completion of weaning.
Two trials were conducted on male Saanen goat kids, reared by two different weaning programs. In the first trial, 3-days old kids were divided into two homogeneous groups: MILK, that received goat milk ad libitum for the entire study period, and WEAN2 that was subjected to weaning. In the second trial, 3-days old kids were assigned to one of two homogeneous groups: MILK, that was fed goat milk ad libitum, and WEAN8, that was weaned. All the kids studied in the trials were slaughtered 2 days (in the first trial) or 8 days (in the second trial) after the complete removal of milk from the diet of WEAN2 and WEAN8 groups, respectively.
Body weight did not differ between weaned and milk-fed kids, nor 2 days, neither 8 days after weaning, but WEAN8 kids exhibited a lower carcass weight than milk-fed ones. Two days after weaning, liver weight was similar in the experimental groups, but 8 days after weaning, liver weight significantly decreased in WEAN8 kids, in comparison to the MILK ones.
DNA and phospholipids contents did not differ between groups of the first trial, but DNA and phospholipids were higher in the weaned kids (WEAN8) of the second trial.
In the first trial was noted a reduction of 25% in the glycogen content of the liver of WEAN2 kids. This reduction was greater in WEAN8 kids, compared to MILK ones.
Two days after weaning, no difference was observed in aminotransferase activity between the experimental groups, but 8 days after weaning, both ALT and AST activity were higher in WEAN8 kids, compared to milk-fed ones.
In conclusion weaning alters liver composition and activity, without affecting the number of cell within the tissue. Liver activity shifts from glycolytic to gluconeogenic pathways and the effects of this transition are significant 8 days after the complete removal of milk from the diet. The reduction in hepatic glycogen content is accompanied with the increase in amino acid transamination, which is the first step in the catabolism of amino acids
Impact of nutritional factors on the welfare of ruminants
No full textThis book contains the proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology. The papers address ruminant comparative physiology, the rumen ecosystem and metagenomics, nutrient digestion and absorption, methanogenesis, tissue metabolism and gene expression, pregnancy, lactation and growth, adaptation to heat-stress, nitrogen use, nutrition and reproduction, nutrition and welfare and nutrition for sustainable ruminant production.
These topics are in line with the current challenges for animal breeding: production efficiency, meat and milk quality, environment (greenhouse gases, nitrogen use), animal welfare and health.
The contributions come from research teams in 49 countries of all continents, showing a world-wide interest in ruminant nutrition and physiology. They show the latest techniques and results on ruminant nutrition physiology, including fundamental and integrative approaches, presented in the book on the following sections: (1) Digestion and absorption; (2) Metabolism and hormonal regulations; (3) Nutrition and reproduction; (4) Nutrition and welfare.
Proceedings from past ISRP symposia have had a major influence on research and teaching in animal science over the years. Without a doubt, this book, which is of interest to all professionals and researchers who are concerned with ruminant nutrition and physiology, will contribute to this fine tradition
Precalving factors affecting conception risk in Holstein dairy cows in tropical conditions
No full textThe objective of this study was to identify precalving nutritional risk factors that may affect variation in first service conception risk in 21 commercial Holstein dairy herds in a tropical environment (Reunion Island). The data set included 473 lactation records in 404 cows. A multivariate logistic-regression model including herd as a random effect was used to analyse the relationship between first service conception risk and energy status (body condition score, plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate), nitrogen status (urea), hepatic function (γ-glutamyltransferase, glutamate deshydrogenase, albumin), and mineral deficiencies (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), adjusting systematically for factors such as breeding, season, parity, previous milk yield and fertility, calving to first service interval and type of oestrus (spontaneous versus induced). The overall mean conception risk was 0.27±0.02 (mean±S.E.M., n=473). First service conception risk was penalized by calving to 1st service interval shorter than 60 days, synchronized oestrus, previous 305-day milk yield >8000kg (p<0.05), low blood glucose concentration in high-yielding cows (p<0.05) and combined high urea and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (p<0.01). Precalving energy imbalance, revealed by low prepartum glucose concentration, was a strong nutritional predictor of low first service conception risk in high-yielding cows. Some precalving nutritional disorders potentially associated with consumption of spoiled silage which induces elevated circulating urea and β-hydroxybutyrate have a delayed detrimental effect on conception, even if the true causes of this effect remain to be elucidated. As a conclusion, our findings should lead the breeders to pay more attention to the feeding of dry cows that is usually neglected in Reunion Island dairy farms
Technical challenges from the production to the transformation : elements for debate.
No full textSynthetic overview of the first workshop "technical challenges in organic agriculture from the production to the transformation
Les impacts sociaux de la crise économique à Nairobi. L'ère Moi a-t-elle eu un impact significatif ?
No full textCet article analyse les relations entre transition démographique, transition urbaine et croissance économique au Kenya depuis les années 1960. À partir d’une enquête biographique portant sur trois générations de Nairobiens, il examine l’effet de la crise économique sur l’évolution de la structure de l’emploi et souligne l’étonnante domination du secteur formel y compris durant la dernière décennie. Les caractères de l’habitat sont également étudiés et révèlent des inégalités grandissantes pour l’accès au logement.[The social impact of the economic crisis in Nairobi].
This article examines relations between the demographic transition, the urban transition, and economic growth in Kenya since the 1960s. Using biographical studies of three generations of Nairobians, the author studies the effects of the economic crisis on the evolution of the structure of employment and underscores the overwhelming influence of the informal sector through the last decade. The nature of lodging is also reviewed, revealing increasing inequalities in access to housing
Le contexte de production des ovins laitiers en France : principaux objectifs de recherche-développement et conditions de leur mise en oeuvre
No full textHistoire de la géologie en Talmondais (Vendée, France)
No full textThe region of Talmont-Saint-Hilaire (Vendée, France), located at the contact between the Armorican Massif, the Aquitanian Basin and the Atlantic Ocean, has been studied by many geologists and geographers, over the last three centuries. In the years 1780, silver was mined from the sulphide-bearing ore that occurs at the base of the Jurassic limestones. The stratigraphy of the latter sediments, as well as their relationship with the hercynian basement, was investigated during the 19th and 20th centuries, mainly by Rivière, the author of the first geological map of the area (1838), Cossmann, Vasseur, Péneau, Ters and Butel. As for Gabilly, he considered the anse Saint-Nicolas as a para-stratotype of the Toarcian. A few Authors, mainly Bocquier and Ters, also studied the evolution of the Atlantic coast during Quaternary. They evidenced remnants of several surfaces fashioned by marine abrasion, the age of which was constrained by archaeological studies. In 1963, Gilbert Bessonnat discovered dinosaur footprints, which, however, had already been observed by Bocquier in the years 1930. Montenat and Lapparent studied the occurrence, which proved to be one of the richest in Europe
Corrigendum to “Adaptive responses at the whole lactation scale of Baladi dairy goats according to feed supply and level of body reserves in agro-pastoral feeding system” [Small Ruminant Res. 90 (2010) 120–126]
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