1,721,176 research outputs found
Data hiding for fighting piracy
No full textThe problem of digital content piracy is becoming more and more critical, and major content producers are risking seeing their business being drastically reduced because of the ease by which digital contents can be copied and distributed. This is the reason why digital rights management (DRM) is currently garnering much attention from industry and research. Among the various technologies that can contribute to set up a reliable DRM system, data hiding (watermarking) has found an important place due to its potentiality of persistent attaching some additional information to the content itself. In this article, we analyzed the possible use of data hiding technology in DRM systems. The article also gives a brief survey of the main characteristics of the most common data hiding methods such as proof of ownership, watermark, copyright protection, infringement tracking, copy control, and item identification. The article also investigates the different approaches by highlighting critical points of each approach in particular from the point of view of hostile attacks
Watermarking Systems Engineering: Enabling Digital Assets Security and other Applications
No full textContract design in agri-environmental schemes with fixed private transaction costs and countervailing incentives
No full textThe aim of this paper is to test the relevance of considering private fixed transaction costs for contract design of Agri-Environmental Schemes, when transaction costs are negatively correlated to marginal compliance costs. In order to do so, a principal-agent model of contract design under adverse selection, including fixed private transaction costs is developed. The model is applied to the design of payments in an area of Emilia Romagna (Italy). The results show that fixed transaction costs in the range of those actually faced by farmers may affect significantly the optimal amount of environmental good to be produced by each farm type. In some cases, fixed transaction costs can even reverse the standard insight that more public good should be produced when the cost of its provision is lower (countervailing incentives). The results call for a higher attention to private transaction costs in the design of agri-environmental contracts
Managing Copyright in Open Networks
No full textThe need for an electronic copyright management system (ECMS) that protects intellectual property rights (IPR) in open network environments continues to grow. Network security issues are classically handled through cryptography; however, cryptography ensures confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity only when a message is transmitted through a public channel, such as an open network. It does not protect against unauthorized copying after the message has been successfully transmitted. Digital watermarking is an effective way to protect copyright of multimedia data even after its transmission. A watermark, embedded in the data, can uniquely identify the document's owner or authorized user. The main problem with using watermark technology, for IPR protection, however, is its reversibility. Anyone who can read or detect the watermark can also remove it by inverting the watermark process. Our open network ECMS combines watermarking with cryptography to achieve reliable copyright protection while satisfying two contrasting requirements: actors in ECMS transactions must be able to verify that the watermark granting their rights is truly embedded in the multimedia document; and actors (other than the author) must not be able to remove the watermar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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