3,751 research outputs found
Organized Crime, The Mafia, White Collar Crime and Corruption
No full textthe author explores the relationship between the mafia, white collar crime, and corruption, especially in Italy,to show a clear comprehension of the difference between an organized crime structure and a maffia organization
How to manage adult patients with malaria in the non-endemic setting
No full textBackground: The diagnosis and management of malaria in non-endemic countries presents a continuing challenge. Plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of rapidly inducing severe and life-threatening multiorgan disease, is the species most frequently diagnosed in Europe and North America. Objectives: To summarise the more relevant diagnostic findings and clinical features of malaria observed in non-endemic settings and to provide an update of the key management decision points using three illustrative clinical scenarios of uncomplicated and severe malaria. Sources: The discussion is based on a relevant literature search spanning the last 20 years. Recommendations are based on available clinical guidelines including those of the WHO, observational studies conducted in non-endemic settings, and, when available, extrapolation from randomised studies from malaria-endemic settings. Content: The following topics are covered: diagnosis, including the use of molecular biology; clinical characteristics; management with a specific focus on complicated (severe) and uncomplicated malaria; and areas of resistance to available antimalarial drugs. Implications: Malaria imported to non-endemic settings, especially P. falciparum malaria, is sometimes initially overlooked and the delayed diagnosis is responsible for every year of preventable deaths. This review aims to raise awareness of malaria outside endemic countries and to provide clinicians with a practical guide for efficient diagnosis and targeted therapy for the different species involved. Spinello Antinori, Clin Microbiol Infect 2024;30:1374 (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/)
The Italian Mafias and Migrant Smuggling
No full textDuring the last decades, the increasing flow of migrants in Mediterranean Sea has become a useful and profitable way to spread the power of organized crime groups. Today, the Italian mafias are non-state globalized actors which joint in complex networks to make illegal business thanks to Migrant Smuggling, exploitation of human capital, from outside the EU, and other criminal activities. The author presents an analysis of the public order, the state of safety in Italy, a main geopolitical gate to the so-called “Fortress Europe”
What is new in esophageal injury (infection,drug-induced, caustic, stricture, perforation)?
No full textPurpose of review: We will focus separately on infectious, drug-induced and caustic injury of the esophagus and their possible complications such as stricture and perforation.
Recent findings: There has been a decrease in opportunistic esophageal infection in HIV-positive patients, in particular candidiasis, which remains an important cause of inpatient charges, length of stay and total hospital costs, and new antifungal therapy are currently explored. As far as drug-induced esophageal injury is concerned, more than 1000 cases of all cases due to nearly 100 different medications have been described during the last 10 years. However, the estimated case frequency is probably much higher and the related literature is of low quality, as cases are reported selectively and stimulated by clustering of cases, newly implicated pills or unusual complications. Finally, in the field of caustic ingestion-related injury, there has been greater understanding of geographical differences in prevalence and more frequently involved substances, choice of optimal timing for endoscopy, relationship between symptoms and severity of lesions and appropriate role of steroids and other therapies, such as the topical application of mytomicin C.
Summary: This update covers the most relevant papers published on the three areas of interest during the last year
Intestinal tuberculosis as a cause of chronic diarrhoea among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Report of two cases
No full textIn Western countries human immunodeficiency virus infection is considered the main risk factor of tuberculous disease, its incidence being 500 times higher in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. Despite the disease frequently present in these patients with extraintestinal manifestations, intestinal localization is rarely observed and often as a consequence of complications such as acute gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is difficult and is often delayed due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms as well as the low sensitivity of routine methods. A review of the literature is made and personal experience in the diagnosis of two cases is reported
Determination of the number of wounded nucleons in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c.
No full textNUCL. PHYS.
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