396 research outputs found
Taxonomic results of the Bryotrop expedition to Zaire and Rwanda : 18., Calymperaceae
No full textThe first species list of the examined countries was published by Demaret (1940,1946) and the revision of the Syrrhopodon species of this area were made by Demaret and Leroy (1947). Further additional data were published on the basis of the collection of S. Lisowski (Orbán 1987). The tropical African species of the genera were revised by the Author (Orbán 1981) and later the key for the species was prepared by Orbán and Reese (1986). This key is suitable to identify practically all tropical African taxa, therefore I do not supply a key here for the 7 species collected in Central Africa. The world ranges of Syrrhopodon species was given by Reese (1987)
Plagiothecium lucidum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Paris in tropical Africa
No full textPlagiothecium lucidum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Paris is confirmed as a new addition to the bryoflora of tropical Africa on the basis of two collections from the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. The type material of Isopterygium integrifolium Bartr. from Costa Rica in Central America is evaluated and this species is considered to be conspecific with P. lucidum. As a result of this taxonomic conclusion the range of this species is extended to Costa Rica and this is the first recognition of this species in the Central American isthmus. A world distribution map for this species is presented and some details of African plants and the type of I. integrifolium are illustrated
The role of stress and its impact on the formation of occupational burnout
No full textLISOWSKI, Olaf & GRAJEK, Mateusz. The role of stress and its impact on the formation of occupational burnout. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;13(5):87-94. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.05.012
https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42771
https://zenodo.org/record/7710550
The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.
Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).
Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.
Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).
© The Authors 2023;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 24.02.2023. Revised: 28.02.2023. Accepted: 09.03.2023. Published: 09.03.2023.
THE ROLE OF STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FORMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT
Olaf Lisowski, Mateusz Grajek
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice
Abstract
The term "stress" is customarily used in connection with environmental pressures and adaptation to changing environmental conditions, but also in reference to the body's psychological and physiological response to them. In the understanding presented, adaptive demands are called stressors, their effects are called stress or stressful situations, and methods and techniques aimed at reducing these effects are called ways of coping with stress. Stress can also be understood as a "product" of inappropriate coping with the challenges of everyday life. The differentiation between stress as a process and stressor as a factor makes it easier to understand the issue and its impact on life and the development of mental illnesses.
Keywords: stress, stress management, occupational burnout, employee, wor
Imipramine in dogs: A pharmacokinetic study following oral administration under fasted and fed conditions
No full textThis study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used in human psychiatric disorders and increasingly considered in veterinary medicine. Despite its longstanding use in canines, prior research on imipramine's PK in dogs is lacking. This study aimed to determine the PK of imipramine in dogs in regards to feeding conditions, and to ascertain whether desipramine (active metabolite) is formed or not. In this study, six male Labrador dogs underwent oral administration (1.5 mg/kg) of imipramine tablets (10 mg each; Tofranil®, Novartis) in both fasted and fed conditions. Dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, employing an open, single-dose, two-treatment, two-phase, cross-over design, with a washout period of one week. Blood was drawn from the left cephalic vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated HPLC method, and the data were analyzed using PKanalixTM software with a non-compartmental approach. Concentrations of imipramine remained quantifiable up to 1.5 hr after administration under both conditions. Desipramine, in both feeding states, was detectable for a short duration, but not quantifiable. No significant differences were observed in the PK parameters of imipramine between the fasting and fed states. The rapid attainment of maximum concentration (Cmax) occurred within 0.25 h, indicating a swift absorption rate. Notably, the terminal half-life in dogs was remarkably short at 0.25 h, prompting a re-evaluation of dosing strategies. Considering the recommended therapeutic plasma concentrations in humans, the administered dose might result in effective levels for a brief period of time. Future research should explore intravenous administration, multiple-dose studies, and metabolic investigations to further elucidate imipramine's PK in dogs
PHARMACOKINETICS AND DISPOSITION OF FLUPIRTINE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF FOUR DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS IN DOGS
No full textTo assess the pharmacokinetics and disposition of flupirtine (FLU) after four different formulations
(intravenous [IV], oral immediate release [POIR], oral sustained release [POSR], rectal [RC]) in dogs.
The Animal Welfare Committee of the University of Lublin approved the study protocol. One male and five
female Labrador breed dogs were enrolled in the study. Dogs were randomly assigned to four-treatment
groups, using an open, single-dose, four-period crossover design (4x4 Latin square). All dogs were fasted for
12 h overnight before each experiment. Dogs in group 1, 2 and 3 received a single dose of FLU 5mg/kg by
IV, POIR and RC route, respectively. Group 4 received FLU 200 mg/dog by POSR. A 1-week wash out period
was observed among the phases. Blood samples were collected at assigned times and analysed according
to a previous validated HPLC method (De Vito et al. 2014). The pharmacokinetic calculations were carried
out using WinNonLin v. 5.3 (Pharsight) according to a non-compartmental model.
After IV administration, some adverse effects including salivation, agitation and vomiting were observed in
all dogs. However, they resolved rapidly and spontaneously in about 10 min. In the other treatment groups
no visible side effects were shown. The average plasma concentration vs time curves are reported in Figure.
After POIR, POSR and RC administrations, FLU plasma concentrations were lower than those after IV route,
but detectable over the same range of time. POIR and POSR groups showed similar Cmax and Tmax values
1549.6±916.3 and 1256.1±353.1 ng/mL, and 1.42±0.58 and 2.16±0.93 h, respectively. Their bioavailabilities
(F%) were similar (41.9±8.5 and 36.8±8.4 %, respectively). RC route showed a lower value of Cmax,
(635.3±266.4 ng/mL) obtained at a Tmax (2.16±0.93 h) similar to the other extravascular administrations.
The RC F% was 29.4±8.8 %. The terminal part of all the mean pharmacokinetic curves showed a similar
trend of elimination. CL/F values of the extravascular administrations were all not statistically different
from the CL after IV injection if normalized for their own F% value. The HL of elimination time after IV route
(6.20±0.88 h) showed to be shorter than those from POIR (7.4±1.9 h), POSR (7.1±0.8 h) and RC (7.7±1.9 h).
Although no minimal effective plasma concentrations of FLU are reported in humans and animals so far,
the 5 mg/kg FLU by POIR and POSR in dogs gave plasma concentrations similar to those obtained in humans
undergoing clinical treatment. Further studies are now requested to assess if this drug may be effective in
canine medicine
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No full text: Robenacoxib (RX) is a veterinary cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor drug. It has never been tested on birds and is only labelled for use in cats and dogs. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Four-month healthy female geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two-phase, single-dose (2 mg/kg IV, 4 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a four-month washout period between the IV and the PO phases. Blood was collected from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h. Plasma RX concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analysed using ThothProTM 4.3 software in a non-compartmental approach. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 0.35 h, 0.34 L/kg, and 0.68 L/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the mean peak plasma concentration was 6.78 μg/mL at 0.50 h. The t1/2λz was very short and significantly different between the IV and PO administrations (0.35 h IV vs. 0.99 h PO), suggesting the occurrence of a flip-flop phenomenon. The Cl values corrected for the F% were significantly different between IV and PO administrations. It might have been a consequence of the longitudinal study design and the altered physiological and environmental conditions after a 4-month washout period. The absolute oral F% computed with the AUC method surpassed 150%, but after normalizing it to t1/2λz, it was 46%. In conclusion, the administration of RX might not be suitable for geese, due to its short t1/2λz
Pharmacokinetics of Bedrocan (marijuana extract oil) in fasted and fed dogs: a pilot study
No full textINTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: In several EU and some US states, medical marijuana is an option for people suffering from various ailments and seeking relief. As cannabis is now sold as an oil extract, it has become a conceivable option for dogs too. There is anecdotal evidence of cannabis benefiting dogs with a range of clinical signs and diseases including seizures, nausea and other gastrointestinal signs, stress and anxiety, arthritis and cancer pain, but no information on its pharmacokinetics is available in dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six healthy intact female adult (5–7 years) Labrador dogs were used. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 3). Group I was administered with Bedrocan (olive oil containing 20% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 0.5% cannabidiol (CBD)) at 1.5 mg kg−1 THC after 12 h of fasting, while group II was administered with the same dose 15 minutes after being fed. Blood collections were performed at pre‐assigned time. Samples were analysed for THC and CBD content by LC/MS using an intra‐laboratory validated method. Briefly, to 100 μl of blood THC‐d3 and CBD‐d3 were added as internal standards (5 ng ml−1), followed by precipitation with 200 μl of acetonitrile. After shaking and centrifugation (3000 × g, 5 min), the supernatant was diluted 1:1 with the HPLC mobile phase and transferred into a LC vial. 25 μl of the sample were directly injected onto the LC‐HRMS system (a Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to a Dionex UltiMate 3000 with TurboFlow technology). Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed according to a non‐compartmental model.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: No sign of excitation/sedation or visible adverse effects were detected in the dogs following the treatment. THC was quantified over the time period 45 min to 10 h and 15 min to 10 h after Bedrocan administration in the fasting and fed group, respectively. No detectable concentrations of CDB were found at any time. Fed dogs showed faster absorption Tmax (0.62 ± 0.17 h fed versus 2.33 ± 1.52 h fasted) and a higher maximal blood concentration (49.2 ± 25.5 ng ml−1 fed versus 19.1 ±8.7 ng ml−1 fasted). In contrast, feeding did not significantly affected the half‐life (2.3 ± 1.0 fasted versus 1.5 ± 0.5 h fed) or the AUC (73.8 ± 15.8 fasted versus 63.3 ± 9.2 fed ng×h ml−1) values. Although this is the first phase of a 2 × 2 cross‐over study and the power of the study is not yet adequate, after oral administration of Bedrocan, THC appears to be absorbed to the same extent reported in humans
Molecular Imprinting of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) in an Electropolymerized CG-Rich Artificial Oligomer Analogue for Determination of Genetically Relevant Oligonucleotide
No full textWe devised and fabricated a chemosensor for selective determination of genetically relevant 5’ GCGGCGGC 3’ (G-guanine, C-cytosine) oligonucleotide. Toward that, we simultaneously synthesized electrochemically and deposited on a Pt electrode a sequence-defined octakis(2,2’-bithien-5-yl) polymerized film of a DNA hybridizing probe.1 For that purpose, we used both an approach of macromolecular imprinting in a polymer and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) template of a programmable sequence. For transducing an oligonucleotide recognition event into the analytical signal, we applied electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy under stagnant-solution and flow-injection analysis (FIA) conditions, respectively. Using EIS, we determined the target oligonucleotide with the 200 pM limit of detection. With the EIS determined apparent impact factor, IF4.0, the chemosensor discriminated both two-nucleotide-mismatched oligonucleotides and Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium sample interferences
Pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of tiamulin after single and multiple oral administrations in geese
No full textTiamulin is an antibiotic approved exclusively in veterinary medicine, active against G-positive bacteria as well as Mycoplasma spp. and Leptospirae spp. The study was aimed to establish its pharmacokinetics and to evaluate drug effects on resistance in cloacal flora in vivo in geese. Eight healthy geese underwent to a two-phase longitudinal study (60 mg/kg single oral administration vs 60 mg/kg/day for 4 days) with a two-week wash-out period. Blood samples and cloacal swabs were collected at pre-assigned times. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) has been evaluated for each isolated bacterial species. The pharmacokinetic parameters that significantly differed between the groups were Cmax (p = 0.024), AUC0-t (p = 0.031), AUC0-inf (p = 0.038), t1/2kel (p = 0.021), Cl/F (p = 0.036), and Vd/F (p = 0.012). Tiamulin exhibited a slow to moderate terminal half-life (3.13 h single; 2.62 h multiple) and a rapid absorption (1 h single; 0.5 h multiple) in geese, with an accumulation ratio of 1.8 after multiple doses. An in-silico simulation of multiple dosing did not reflect the results of the in vivo multiple dosage study. In both treatments, the MIC values were very high demonstrating a resistance (> 64 μg/ml) against tiamulin that can be present prior the drug administration for some strains, or emerge shortly after the commencing of treatment for some others
Pharmacokinetics of levosulpiride after single-dose administration in goats (Capra hircus) by different routes of administration
No full textLevosulpiride (LSP) is the l-enantiomer of sulpiride, and LSP recently replacing sulpiride in several EU countries. Several studies about LSP in humans are present in the literature, but neither pharmacodynamic nor pharmacokinetic data of LSP is present for veterinary species. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of LSP after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral (PO) administration in goats. Animals (n = 6) were treated with 50 mg LSP by IV, IM, and PO routes according to a randomized cross-over design (3 × 3 Latin-square). Blood samples were collected prior and up to 24 hr after LSP administration and quantified using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. IV and IM administration gave similar concentration versus time curve profiles. The IM mean bioavailability was 66.97%. After PO administration, the drug plasma concentrations were detectable only in the time range 1.5–4 hr, and the bioavailability (4.73%) was low. When the AUC was related to the administered dose in mg/kg, there was a good correlation in the IV and IM groups, but very low correlation for the PO route. In conclusion, the IM and IV administrations result in very similar plasma concentrations. Oral dosing of LSP in goats is probably not viable as its oral bioavailability was very low
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