74,718 research outputs found
Wood County, 1850-1900
No full textThis text gives an overview of Wood County, Texas from roughly 1850 to 1900. It includes historical sketches of various aspects of life in the county as well as anecdotes. Genealogical information and documentation are also included for pioneer families in the area
Rational production of veneer by IR-heating of green wood during peeling: Modeling experiments
No full textHeating green wood logs by infrared (IR) radiation during peeling for veneer production has been numerically simulated, focusing on the heating kinetics of a green wood cylinder rotating with a decreasing radius. The results confi rm those of previous experiments, that this kind of heating is a promising alternative to soaking wood prior to peeling. The model integrates the green wood parameters such as moisture content, density, distribution and ratios of earlywood and latewood, on the one hand, and the peeling conditions of veneer thickness and peeling speed, on the other. The following heat transfer processes were considered: conduction within the bolt, external heating by the IR source, and convection between the bolt surface and the external environment. The outputs were the temperatures of the bolt surface and of layers several millimeters deep. For maximal heat penetration, the bolt should turn in front of the IR source before cutting starts and the IR source should be positioned at the greatest angular distance ahead of the knife. Several heating scenarios could be simulated by the model, thus it is a useful decision-making tool for the design of an in-line IR heating system installed on the peeling lathe.Institut Carnot ARTS, RYM-TO Doctoral Schoo
Ecotoxicity and fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites: Effect of wood content and coupling
No full textPolypropylene (PP)/wood composites were produced by homogenization in a twin-screw extruder and injection molding of tensile bars. Their mechanical properties were determined before and after exposure to biological treatment, and the effect of the treatment was assessed by various ways including visual inspection and the measurement of weight loss. The ecotoxicity of the materials was also evaluated by using the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The results proved that wood facilitates biodeterioration (colonization) under the conditions used. The coupling agents do not have inhibitory effect, but seems to stimulate fungal growth (biodeterioration) at large loads of wood flour. PP/wood composites can be considered quite durable, but the influence of wood content on environmental resistance must be taken into account for materials intended for applications requiring long-term outdoor exposure as the time of exposure to microbial colonization increases. Direct ecotoxic effect on aquatic ecosystems cannot be expected from PP/wood composites
Landsat MSS classification of fire fuel types in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Canada
No full textJ1: Global Ecology & Biogeography Letters; M3: Article; Milne, David Franklin, Steven E. Wilson, Bradley A. Ghitter, Geoff Heathcott, Mark McCaffrey, Thomas M. Ow, Charlotte F. Y.; Source Information: Mar1994, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p33; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada (Wood Buffalo National Park); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel type classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat data; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Articl
Mid-infrared absorption properties of green wood
No full textThere is a lack of quantitative data on the penetration depth and the amount of energy absorbed by green wood under infrared (IR) radiation. This lack of knowledge is a potential barrier to the development of IR heating as an alternative to soaking as a means of warming logs prior to peeling in the manufacture of plywood. Experimental measurements of normal hemispherical spectral reflectance and transmittance over the range 550–5,500 cm-1 wavenumbers on four wood species, beech, birch, Douglas-fir and spruce have brought new knowledge on mid-infrared absorption properties of green wood and removed some uncertainties. For instance, it is not possible to deliver energy deeper than up to 0.3 mm below the wood surface because 70–90 % of all incident IR radiation on the wood surface is absorbed in this layer. Some wood features, such as surface quality, the presence of knots and of free water in wood (the latter two having a more significant effect) influence the amount of energy absorbed. These results illustrate that IR radiation can heat the surface layers, but then heat penetrates deeper into the inside layers of wood by conduction.Institut Carnot ARTS, RYM-TO Doctoral Schoo
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Natural weathering of soft- and hardwoods modified by contact and flame charring methods
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Exterior cladding boards benefit from a known service life that makes planning of maintenance and replacement procedures easier. Among the different wood modification methods, surface charring of wood is expected to increase the lifespan of wooden elements in building façades. This paper reports the properties of surface charred Norway spruce, Scots pine and Silver birch in Southern Finnish climate over a natural weathering period of one year. Several modifications were examined, namely variants of contact and flame charring. These also included oiled and brushed surfaces. The flame charred samples of spruce and birch withstood the weathering well, with some minor flaking and cracking. The thick pine samples cracked extensively regardless of modification, raising questions on suitable density and thickness of wood destined for a charring modification. Contact charring did not seem suitable for outside uses at least in direct sunlight, as the colors faded, and surfaces cracked within all examined groups. The spectroscopical methods employed also revealed degradation of contact charred wood lignin, whereas the flame charred surface consisted mostly of recalcitrant carbon structures rather inert towards weathering. This highlights the importance of sufficient structural degradation of wood components in creating a weathering resistant surface, and also shows that a thicker thermally modified layer does not necessarily improve the weatherability in contact charred wood.Peer reviewe
Author Monica Wood writes of her childhood in Mexico, Maine, and the day of her
No full textAuthor Monica Wood writes of her childhood in Mexico, Maine, and the day of her father\u27s death
Characterization of Wood Mulch and Leachate/Runoff from Three Wood Recycling Facilities
No full textLarge-scale open storage of wood mulch is common practice at wood recycling facilities. During rain and snow melt, leachate with soluble compounds and suspended particles is released from mulch stockpiles. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of leachate/runoff from wood recycling facilities to evaluate its potential to contaminate receiving waterbodies. Wood mulch (n = 30) and leachate/runoff (n = 26) samples were collected over 1.5 years from three wood recycling facilities in New Jersey, USA. Differences by site were found (p < 0.05) for most of the 21 constituents tested in the solid wood mulch samples. Biochemical oxygen demand (range <20 – 3000 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (134 - 6000 mg/L) and total suspended solids (69 - 401 mg/L) median concentrations of the leachate/runoff samples were comparable to those of untreated domestic wastewater. Total Kjeldahl N, total P and fecal coliform median values were slightly lower than typical wastewater values. Dose-response studies with leachate/runoff samples using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos showed that mortality and developmental defects typically did not occur even at the highest concentration tested, indicating low toxicity, although delayed development did occur. Based on this study, leachate/runoff from wood recycling facilities should not be released to surface waters as it is a potential source of organic contamination and low levels of nutrients. A study in which runoff from a controlled drainage area containing wood mulch of known properties is monitored would allow for better assessment of the potential impact of stormwater runoff from wood recycling facilities.Peer reviewe
Philip Strong letter to Reuben Wood, January 27, 1852
No full textLegal correspondence written by Philip Strong to Governor Reuben Wood regarding a warrant to arrest Peyton Polly, dated January 27, 1852.
Reuben Wood was governor of Ohio from 1850 through 1853, and was closely involved with the Peyton Polly case and attempts to secure the Polly family's release. Peyton Polly and his family were freedmen living in Lawrence County, Ohio, when they were kidnapped on June 6, 1850, and sold back into slavery in Kentucky and Virginia
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