1,721,070 research outputs found
Application of EU Law in International Sports Arbitration
No full textApplication of EU Law in International Sports Arbitration Karolína Paterová Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyse the possibilities for individual athletes of how to defend their rights with help of EU law. The premise of this thesis is the closed system of sports governing bodies and of further procedure at Court of Arbitration of Sports with the possibility to appeal to the Swiss Federal Tribunal is not always sufficient to protect rights of individual athletes. The author of this master's thesis first claims that if there is a decision in the international sports arbitration (decision of a sports governing body and then the one of CAS), an individual athletes should be able to seek the remedies through EU law. Secondly, two options of how to proceed in such case are provided. The author analyses each of them, especially by referring to the most significant judgements of the CJEU. The author also provides her opinion on both possible ways as well as on approach of sports governing bodies and of the Commission. The structure of this master's thesis is as follows. It first deals with the procedure in the international sports arbitration - which is the procedure before particular sports governing bodies followed by the appeal procedure at CAS. Then, it dives into the relationship between..
Interlocking Directorates as a Threat to Good Competition and Their Regulation in the EU
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the problematics of interconnected directorships and their effects on competition. The author addresses the question of whether the relevant bodies succeeded in finding effective regulatory tools regarding overlapping directors, after the Commission failed to do so more than 10 years ago. The thesis is divided into two major parts. First, the author provides the reader with a general theoretical overview needed for a better understanding of the causes and the market impacts of interlocks. Here, a great deal of space is given to the companies' ownership structures and to the phenomenon of minority shareholdings, which is inherently linked to shared directorships. Furthermore, the reader has the possibility to get an insight into the underlying positive and negative effects of minority shareholdings and/or interlocks on competition. On one hand such networks can create a better environment for innovations and market development, on the other, they can have large disruptive impact. That can occur for instance through the unlawful exchange of confidential market data, the collusion through overlapping directors and via tacit or explicit agreements not to compete with each other. In the second part, the author applies the theoretical findings on the..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aplikace evropského práva v mezinárodní sportovní arbitráži
Full text linkApplication of EU Law in International Sports Arbitration Karolína Paterová Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyse the possibilities for individual athletes of how to defend their rights with help of EU law. The premise of this thesis is the closed system of sports governing bodies and of further procedure at Court of Arbitration of Sports with the possibility to appeal to the Swiss Federal Tribunal is not always sufficient to protect rights of individual athletes. The author of this master's thesis first claims that if there is a decision in the international sports arbitration (decision of a sports governing body and then the one of CAS), an individual athletes should be able to seek the remedies through EU law. Secondly, two options of how to proceed in such case are provided. The author analyses each of them, especially by referring to the most significant judgements of the CJEU. The author also provides her opinion on both possible ways as well as on approach of sports governing bodies and of the Commission. The structure of this master's thesis is as follows. It first deals with the procedure in the international sports arbitration - which is the procedure before particular sports governing bodies followed by the appeal procedure at CAS. Then, it dives into the relationship between...Application of EU Law in International Sports Arbitration Karolína Paterová Abstrakt Cílem této práce je vystihnout a analyzovat možnosti pro individuální sportovce, jak hájit svá práva prostřednictvím evropského práva. Vychází se z premisy, že uzavřený systém sportovních organizací, po němž případně následuje proces před Mezinárodním soudem pro sportovní arbitráž (dále jen "CAS") s možností odvolat se k Federálnímu tribunálu ve Švýcarsku není vždy dostatečný k ochraně práv individuálních sportovců. Autorka této diplomové práce nejprve tvrdí, že pokud je vydáno rozhodnutí v rámci mezinárodní sportovní arbitráže (rozhodnutí sportovní organizace a následně CAS), sportovec by měl mít možnost nápravy pomocí evropského práva. Dále pak jsou uvedeny dvě možnosti, jak může dotyčný postupovat. Autorka analyzuje každou z nich, zejména s odkazem na relevantní judikaturu Soudního dvora EU. Autorka také uvádí svůj osobní názor na oba postupy a též na přístup sportovních organizací a Komise k této problematice. Struktura této diplomové práce je následující. Nejprve se zabývá řízením v rámci mezinárodní sportovní arbitráže - což znamená řízení před konkrétní sportovní organizací, po němž následuje odvolací řízení před CAS. Poté se diplomová práce zabývá vztahem mezi lex sportiva a evropským právem tím, že sleduje vývoj...Department of European LawKatedra evropského právaPrávnická fakultaFaculty of La
Data protection in the EU - Biometric data
Full text linkData protection in the EU - Biometric data The main aim of this thesis is to deal with the data protection in connection with the biometric data. In the first chapter, the author of this work deals with the historical context. The right to privacy even nowadays represents the solid ground of the data protection. Therefore, its de- limitation and subsequent connection with the data privacy is of an upmost importance for a proper understanding of this problematics. The author also deals with the data protection not only in the european context, but also with the disunited legislation in the US, where a legisla- tion in the context of general data protection regulation is absent. The second chapter mainly dealt with stating the general legal principles and their rel- evance to the legal order as well as with the special principles laid down in the regulation, which are mandatory to be upheld. The third chapter dealt with the term of personal data. Moreover, it was also important to define the other terms, which goes hand in hand with the personal data term. Therefore, anonymous data as a personal data, which went through the anonymisation process, as well as the special category of personal data, which represents the fundament of the problematics of the biometric data and lastly also the term of data..
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Propojená vedení společností jako hrozba pro hospodářskou soutěž a jejich regulace v EU
Full text linkThe aim of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the problematics of interconnected directorships and their effects on competition. The author addresses the question of whether the relevant bodies succeeded in finding effective regulatory tools regarding overlapping directors, after the Commission failed to do so more than 10 years ago. The thesis is divided into two major parts. First, the author provides the reader with a general theoretical overview needed for a better understanding of the causes and the market impacts of interlocks. Here, a great deal of space is given to the companies' ownership structures and to the phenomenon of minority shareholdings, which is inherently linked to shared directorships. Furthermore, the reader has the possibility to get an insight into the underlying positive and negative effects of minority shareholdings and/or interlocks on competition. On one hand such networks can create a better environment for innovations and market development, on the other, they can have large disruptive impact. That can occur for instance through the unlawful exchange of confidential market data, the collusion through overlapping directors and via tacit or explicit agreements not to compete with each other. In the second part, the author applies the theoretical findings on the...Diplomová práce si klade za cíl blíže čtenáře seznámit s problematikou propojených vedení společností a jejich dopadů na hospodářskou soutěž. Autorka se zabývá otázkou, zda se relevantním aktérům podařilo najít efektivní nástroje regulace propojených vedení společností poté, co o ně před vice jak 10 lety Komise neúspěšně usilovala. Práce je rozdělena na dvě větší části. Nejprve autorka čtenáři poskytuje všeobecný teoretický základ potřebný k bližšímu pochopení příčin a tržních dopadů propojených vedení společností. Zde se dává velký prostor vlastnickým strukturám společností a fenoménu menšinových podílů, který je s propojeným vedením společností neodmyslitelně spjat. Čtenář má dále možnost nahlédnout do základních negativních i pozitivních dopadů, které společnosti propojené menšinovými akcionáři a/nebo svým vedením mají na hospodářskou soutěž. Na jedné straně takové struktury mohou vytvářet lepší prostředí pro inovace a rozvoj trhu, na druhé straně mohou trh naopak citelně narušovat. Může se tak dít ku příkladu nedovolenou výměnou citlivých tržních informací, spoluprací prostřednictvím propojených statutárních orgánů nebo tichými či explicitními dohodami o nekonkurování si. Ve druhé části autorka přistupuje k aplikaci teoretických zjištění na tržní a právní realitu. Na začátku tohoto segmentu se...Katedra evropského právaDepartment of European LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
