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Author Correction: Possible alleviation of symptoms and side effects through clinicians’ nocebo information and empathy in an experimental video vignette study (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (16112), 10.1038/s41598-022-19729-w)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reports, published online 27 September 2022 The original version of this Article contained errors in the dataset, where one participant was incorrectly labelled as Western immigrant and should have been labelled as Native Dutch. Another participant was incorrectly labelled as Western immigrant and should have been labelled as Non-Western immigrant. As a result, in the Abstract, “Anxiety was not influenced by empathy or information (Stai-state: p = 0.295; p = 0.390, VAS p = 0.399; p = 0.823).” now reads: “Anxiety was not influenced by empathy or information (Stai-state: p = 0.281; p = 0.410, VAS p = 0.387; p = 0.838).” In addition, in the Results section, under the subheading ‘Main and interaction effects of nocebo information and empathy’, under the subheading “Nocebo information”, “As demonstrated in Table 4, in controlled models the nocebo explanation did not influence APs’ anxiety levels (Stai-state: p = 0.390, VAS p = 0.823), or their feelings of satisfaction, trust, and self-efficacy (p > 0.05).” now reads: “As demonstrated in Table 4, in controlled models the nocebo explanation did not influence APs’ anxiety levels (Stai-state: p = 0.410, VAS p = 0.838), or their feelings of satisfaction, trust, and self-efficacy (p > 0.05).” Also in the Results section, under the subheading ‘Main and interaction effects of nocebo information and empathy’, under the subheading “Empathy”, “As demonstrated in Table 4, in controlled models reassurance of continuing support did not influence anxiety levels (Stai-state: p = 0.295, VAS p = 0.399) but did increase feelings of satisfaction, trust, and self-efficacy (p < 0.001).” now reads: “As demonstrated in Table 4, in controlled models reassurance of continuing support did not influence anxiety levels (Stai-state: p = 0.281, VAS p = 0.387) but did increase feelings of satisfaction, trust, and self-efficacy (p < 0.001).” Table 3 contained errors in mean (SD) values for “Migrant background,” “Native Dutch,” “Western immigrant,” “Non-Western immigrant”. Incorrect: (Table presented.) Variables Information−Empathy− N = 43 Information+Empathy+ N = 42 Total N = 160 Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) F (df); (p) Migrant background (Fisher Exact) p = 0.76 Native Dutch 38 (88.4) 33 (78.6) 129 (80.6) Western immigrant 3 (7.0) 5 (11.9) 16 (10.0) Non-Western immigrant 2 (4.7) 4 (9.5) 15 (9.4) Correct: (Table presented.) Variables Information−Empathy− N = 43 Information+Empathy+ N = 42 Total N = 160 Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) F (df); (p) Migrant background (Fisher Exact) p = 0.80 Native Dutch 38 (88.4) 34 (81.0) 130 (81.3) Western immigrant 2 (4.7) 4 (9.5) 14 (8.8) Non-Western immigrant 3 (7.0) 4 (9.5) 16 (10.0) Table 4 contained errors for the “Western migrant vs native Dutch” and “non-Western migrant vs native Dutch”. Adjustments have been made in Table 4. The original Table 4 and accompanying legend appear below. (Table presented.) Main and interaction effects of nocebo information and empathy. Model 1—uncontrolled main effects (+ interaction effect if significant) Nocebo information Empathy Nocebo information × Empathy B p B p B p Anxiety (Stai_state) 0.09 0.260 − 0.03 0.694 Anxiety (VAS) 0.05 0.575 − 0.02 0.816 Probability of specific − 0.06 0.420 − 0.25 Intensity of specific 0.05 0.516 − 0.24 Coping of specific 0.20 0.011 0.03 0.680 0.20 Probability of non-specific − 0.02 0.765 − 0.16 Intensity of non-specific 0.05 0.531 − 0.20 Coping of non-specific 0.09 0.273 0.15 0.057 Probability of partial 0.06 0.426 − 0.17 Intensity of partial 0.09 0.289 − 0.19 Coping of partial 0.12 0.133 0.08 0.295 Satisfaction (VAS)^ − 0.06 0.462 0.26 Trust^ − 0.05 0.492 0.25 Self-efficacy − 0.08 0.324 0.32 Model 2—controlled main effects (+ interaction effect if significant) Nocebo information Empathy Nocebo information x Empathy Migrant background (Western migrant vs native Dutch) Migrant background (non-Western migrant vs native Dutch) Trait anxiety Treatment information need B p B p B p B p B p B p B p Anxiety (Stai_state) 0.06 0.390 − 0.8 0.295 0.13 0.065 − 0.06 0.385 − 0.46 0.01 0.941 Anxiety (VAS) 0.02 0.823 − 0.06 0.399 0.18 0.100 − 0.06 0.379 − 0.46 0.01 0.867 Probability of specific − 0.06 0.459 − 0.22 0.21 0.779 0.10 0.194 0.09 0.263 0.20 0.012 Intensity of specific 0.04 0.591 − 0.23 0.08 0.325 0.14 0.075 − 0.02 0.828 0.13 0.100 Coping of specific 0.20 0.05 0.537 0.19 0.03 0.667 − 0.13 0.109 − 0.14 0.065 0.16 Probability of non-specific − 0.02 0.760 − 0.13 0.092 0.03 0.729 0.19 0.20 0.09 0.256 Intensity of non-specific 0.03 0.669 − 0.19 0.11 0.158 0.30 0.15 0.054 0.03 0.715 Coping of non-specific 0.08 0.329 0.15 0.059 0.08 0.291 − 0.05 0.521 − 0.18 0.09 0.276 Probability of partial 0.07 0.404 − 0.14 0.082 − 0.003 0.968 0.17 0.08 0.319 0.18 Intensity of partial 0.07 0.339 − 0.17 0.10 0.203 0.21 0.07 0.370 0.14 0.069 Coping of partial 0.12 0.122 0.09 0.248 0.03 0.722 − 0.15 0.068 − 0.20 0.13 0.093 Satisfaction (VAS)^ − 0.04 0.612 0.30 − 0.07 0.365 − 0.02 0.781 0.02 0.807 0.21 Trust^ − 0.04 0.604 0.28 − 0.10 0.203 0.01 0.950 − 0.04 0.606 0.17 Self-efficacy − 0.07 0.336 0.33 − 0.04 0.642 0.07 0.387 − 0.03 0.667 0.08 0.316 Significant values are in [bold]. B = standardized beta *p < 0.01 **p < 0.05 (trend significance). Transformation of these negatively skewed variables did not alter the effects, so the non-transformed variables were maintained. The original Article has been corrected.Erratum from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19729Applied Ergonomics and Desig
Conditioning of the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Men: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: The hormone cortisol plays important roles in human circadian and stress physiology and is an interesting target for interventions. Cortisol varies not only in response to stress but also as part of a diurnal rhythm. It shows a particularly sharp increase immediately after awakening, the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Cortisol can be affected by medication, but it is less clear whether it can also be affected by learning. Animal studies have consistently shown that cortisol can be affected by pharmacological conditioning, but the results in humans have been mixed. Other studies have suggested that conditioning is also possible during sleep and that the diurnal rhythm can be conditioned, but these findings have not yet been applied to cortisol conditioning. Objective: The objective of our study was to introduce a novel avenue for conditioning cortisol: by using the CAR as an unconditioned response and using scent conditioning while the participant is asleep. This study investigates an innovative way to study the effects of conditioning on cortisol and the diurnal rhythm, using a variety of devices and measures to make measurement possible at a distance and at unusual moments. Methods: The study protocol takes 2 weeks and is performed from the participant’s home. Measures in week 1 are taken to reflect the CAR and waking under baseline conditions. For the first 3 nights of week 2, participants are exposed to a scent from 30 minutes before awakening until their normal time of awakening to allow the scent to become associated with the CAR. On the final night, participants are forced to wake 4 hours earlier, when cortisol levels are normally low, and either the same (conditioned group) or a different (control group) scent is presented half an hour before this new time. This allows us to test whether cortisol levels are higher after the same scent is presented. The primary outcome is the CAR, assessed by saliva cortisol levels, 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after awakening. The secondary outcomes are heart rate variability, actigraphy measures taken during sleep, and self-reported mood after awakening. To perform manipulations and measurements, this study uses wearable devices, 2 smartphone apps, web-based questionnaires, and a programmed scent device. Results: We completed data collection as of December 24, 2021. Conclusions: This study can provide new insights into learning effects on cortisol and the diurnal rhythm. If the procedure does affect the CAR and associated measures, it also has potential clinical implications in the treatment of sleep and stress disorders.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Ergonomics and Desig
Electrophysiological markers for anticipatory processing of nocebo-augmented pain
No full textNocebo effects on pain are widely thought to be driven by negative expectations. This suggests that anticipatory processing, or some other form of top-down cognitive activity prior to the experience of pain, takes place to form sensory-augmenting expectations. However, little is known about the neural markers of anticipatory processing for nocebo effects. In this event-related potential study on healthy participants (n = 42), we tested whether anticipatory processing for classically conditioned nocebo-augmented pain differed from pain without nocebo augmentation using stimulus preceding negativity (SPN), and Granger Causality (GC). SPN is a slow-wave ERP component thought to measure top-down processing, and GC is a multivariate time series analysis used to measure functional connectivity between brain regions. Fear of pain was assessed with the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III and tested for correlation with SPN and GC metrics. We found evidence that both anticipatory processing measured with SPN and functional connectivity from frontal to temporoparietal brain regions measured with GC were increased for nocebo pain stimuli relative to control pain stimuli. Other GC node pairs did not yield significant effects, and a lag in the timing of nocebo pain stimuli limited interpretation of the results. No correlations with trait fear of pain measured after the conditioning procedure were detected, indicating that while differences in neural activity could be detected between the anticipation of nocebo and control pain trials, they likely were not related to fear. These results highlight the role that top-down processes play in augmenting sensory perception based on negative expectations before sensation occurs.Applied Ergonomics and DesignMedical Delt
Nocebo hyperalgesia and other expectancy-related factors in daily fibromyalgia pain: Combining experimental and electronic diary methods
No full textObjective: Expectancies are known to shape pain experiences, but it remains unclear how different types of expectancies contribute to daily pain fluctuations in fibromyalgia. This combined experimental and diary study aims to provide insights into how experimentally-derived nocebo hyperalgesia and other, diary-derived, expectancy-related factors are associated with each other and with daily pain in fibromyalgia. Methods: Forty-one female patients with fibromyalgia first participated in a lab procedure measuring nocebo hyperalgesia magnitude, then filled out an electronic diary 3 times a day over 3 weeks regarding the expectancy-related factors of pain expectancy, anxiety, optimism, and pain-catastrophizing thoughts, and current pain intensity. Results: Our results indicate that experimentally-induced nocebo hyperalgesia was not significantly related to diary-assessed expectancy-related factors and did not predict daily fibromyalgia pain. Higher levels of the self-reported expectancy-related factors pain expectancy and pain catastrophizing, but not anxiety and optimism, predicted moment-to-moment pain increases in fibromyalgia, after controlling for current pain, moment-of-day and all other expectancy-related factors. Conclusion: Our exploratory research findings indicate that self-reported expectancy-related factors, particularly pain expectancy and pain catastrophizing, are potentially more relevant for predicting daily pain experience than experimentally-induced nocebo hyperalgesia. Further translation of nocebo hyperalgesia is needed from experimental to Ecological Momentary Assessment research. Our findings imply that targeting the decrease in pain expectancy and catastrophizing thoughts e.g., via Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, have potential for improving daily pain levels in fibromyalgia.Applied Ergonomics and Desig
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Motivation and music interventions in adults: A systematic review
No full textMusic is increasingly used in a wide array of settings, from clinical recovery to sports or well-being interventions. Motivation related to music is often considered as a possible working mechanism for music to facilitate these processes, however this has not previously been systematically evaluated. The current systematic review considered studies that involved music (therapy) interventions, together with motivation-related measures such as wanting to practise, liking the musical activities, or patient adherence to an intervention. Our objective was to examine whether music is related to increased motivation in task performance and/or rehabilitation settings, and whether this is in turn related to better clinical or training outcomes. Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which (85%) indicated an increased level of motivation with music as compared to without. Moreover, in those studies where motivation was increased, clinical or other outcomes were improved in most cases (90%). These results support the notion of motivation as an underlying mechanism of music-based interventions, but more robust evidence is needed to ascertain which mechanisms are crucial in increasing motivation from a behavioural, cognitive, and neurobiological point of view, as well as how motivational mechanisms relate to other factors of effectiveness in music-based paradigms.Applied Ergonomics and Desig
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