2,312 research outputs found
Everaert_Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Emotion Regulation Difficulties Related to Depression and Anxiety: A Network Approach to Model Relations Among Symptoms, Positive Reappraisal, and Repetitive Negative Thinking
No full textSupplemental material, Everaert_Supplemental_Material for Emotion Regulation Difficulties Related to Depression and Anxiety: A Network Approach to Model Relations Among Symptoms, Positive Reappraisal, and Repetitive Negative Thinking by Jonas Everaert and Jutta Joormann in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Everaert_Open_Practices_Disclosure – Supplemental material for Emotion Regulation Difficulties Related to Depression and Anxiety: A Network Approach to Model Relations Among Symptoms, Positive Reappraisal, and Repetitive Negative Thinking
No full textSupplemental material, Everaert_Open_Practices_Disclosure for Emotion Regulation Difficulties Related to Depression and Anxiety: A Network Approach to Model Relations Among Symptoms, Positive Reappraisal, and Repetitive Negative Thinking by Jonas Everaert and Jutta Joormann in Clinical Psychological Science</p
EveraertSupplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Looking Through Tinted Glasses: Depression and Social Anxiety Are Related to Both Interpretation Biases and Inflexible Negative Interpretations
No full textSupplemental material, EveraertSupplemental_Material for Looking Through Tinted
Glasses: Depression and Social Anxiety Are Related to Both Interpretation Biases
and Inflexible Negative Interpretations by Jonas Everaert , Michael V. Bronstein
, Tyrone D. Cannon and Jutta Joormann in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Everaert_Open_Practices_Disclosure – Supplemental material for Looking Through Tinted Glasses: Depression and Social Anxiety Are Related to Both Interpretation Biases and Inflexible Negative Interpretations
No full textSupplemental material, Everaert_Open_Practices_Disclosure for Looking Through
Tinted Glasses: Depression and Social Anxiety Are Related to Both Interpretation
Biases and Inflexible Negative Interpretations by Jonas Everaert , Michael V.
Bronstein , Tyrone D. Cannon and Jutta Joormann in Clinical Psychological
Science</p
Interactions between emotional attention, encoding, and retrieval of ambiguous information: an eye-tracking study
No full textAttention and memory are components of human cognition intricately related to emotional well-being. The emotional biases in attention and memory have conventionally been studied as separate topics such that the interactions between these processes are poorly understood. Despite recent advances in knowledge on how attention at encoding regulates emotional long-term memory (e.g., Everaert, Duyck, & Koster, 2014; Talmi & McGarry, 2012), little is known about the role of attention during emotional memory retrieval. This study (Everaert & Koster, in press at Emotion) investigated how emotional biases in memory are related to biases in different attentional mechanisms during retrieval. Forty-nine individuals encoded emotionally positive and negative meanings derived from ambiguous information (items presented in a scrambled sentences test; Wenzlaff & Bates, 1998), and then searched their memory for encoded meanings in response to a set of retrieval cues. The remember/know/new procedure was used to classify memories as recollection- or familiarity-based (Tulving, 1985; Yonelinas, Aly, Wang, & Koen, 2010 ), and gaze behavior was monitored throughout the tasks to measure attentional allocation. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that a bias in sustained attention during recollection-based, but not familiarity-based, retrieval predicted subsequent memory bias toward positive vs. negative material even after controlling for encoding bias. Thus, during emotional memory retrieval, attention affects controlled forms of retrieval (i.e., recollection), but does not modulate relatively automatic, familiarity-based retrieval. These findings enhance understanding of how distinct components of attention regulate the emotional content of memories. Implications for theoretical models and emotion regulation will be discussed
Accentuation of Jonas Rėza's Psalter of 1625
No full textStraipsnyje trumpai apžvelgiama dabartinių kalbų kirčio ženklų istorija – nuo Antikos kalbininko Aristofano Bizantiečio žymėtų akūto, gravio ir cirkumflekso iki Mažvydo Katekizme pažymėto į riestinį cirkumfleksą panašaus ženklo, Baltramiejaus Vilento raštų, D. Kleino gramatikos, J. Rėzos psalmyno ,,Psalteras Dowido“ kirčio ženklų. Išsamiau straipsnyje analizuojamas 1625 m. J. Rėzos psalmyno kirčiavimas, iš graikų perimti kirčio ženklai, paties autoriaus įsivestas kirčio ženklas. Straipsnyje taip pat aptariama Rėzos psalmyne vartotų kirčio ženklų funkcijos, kirčio ženklų vartojimo įvairavimas, sąsajos tarp psalmyno kirčiavimo ir D. Kleino gramatikos Reikšminiai žodžiai: Akūtas; Gravis; Cirkumfleksas; Psalmynas; Lietuvių kalbos istorija; KirčiavimasThis article gives a brief overview of the history of the accent marks of languages from Antiquity linguist Aristophanes of Byzantium marked the acute accent, grave accent and circumflex accent until the sign similar to a tilde-shaped circumflex marked in Mažvydas’ Catechism, and accent signs of Baltramiejus Vilentas’ writings, Daniel Klein‘s grammer, and Jonas Rhesa’s Psalter of David. The article gives a comprehensive analysis of the accentuation made by Jonas Rhesa in the psalter, accent marks taken from Greek, and an accent mark developed by the author himself. The article also discusses the functions of the accent marks used in Rhesa’s psalter, the variation of the usage of accent marks and the interaction between the accentuation of the psalter and D. Klein’s grammer
Psychopathology and Interpretation Dynamics in Daily Life
No full textEveryday life is replete with ambiguity, especially when it comes to social situations. People need to generate and select plausible interpretations that resolve their ambiguous nature to understand what is happening around them and what the implications are for their own lives. How people resolve ambiguity plays a crucial role in shaping their emotional experiences and mental health (Hirsch et al., 2016). Distorted patterns of interpretation have been implicated in depression and social anxiety. Specifically, depression and social anxiety feature an interpretation bias – a tendency to infer more negative and/or fewer positive interpretations of ambiguous social situations (Beck & Haigh, 2014; Everaert et al., 2017) as well as negative interpretation inflexibility – the failure to adequately update negative interpretations in response to changing situational demands (Everaert et al., 2021). Importantly, these distorted patterns of interpretation may not be mere correlates of psychopathology. Evidence suggests that such distortions cause symptoms (Hallion & Ruscio, 2011; Menne-Lothmann et al., 2014) and predict them across time (Creswell & O'Connor, 2011; Everaert et al., 2021; Songco et al., 2020).
While research has made significant progress in characterizing distorted interpretation processes in psychopathology, a major limitation of this work is that it uses a scenario-based cognitive task that has limited ecological validity and primarily cross-sectional designs that preclude claims about mechanisms of risk. Consequently, it is unclear how biased and inflexible interpretations manifest within the context of naturally occurring social and how they may engender depression and social anxiety over time. This study will capture and model biases and inflexibility of emotional interpretations and their pathways to interpersonal difficulties implicated in depression and/or social anxiety in life as it is lived in real social contexts and situations that matter to people
Inflexible interpretation in adolescence and its associations with depression, social anxiety, emotion regulation and emotion preferences
No full textDepressive symptoms have for years been associated with biased interpretations of ambiguous information (see Everaert, Podina, & Koster, 2017). Recent work building upon this literature has demonstrated that inflexible interpretations, alongside biased ones, may contribute to depression (e.g., Everaert, Bronstein, Cannon, & Joormann, 2018). This research implies that inflexible interpretations might also impact individual depressive symptoms above and beyond any effect of interpretation bias. Inflexibility in interpretation of social situations has not yet been examined in adolescence. Given that adolescence is a time of increased sensitivity to social situations (Rodman, Powers, & Somerville, 2017; Somerville, 2013), and that this increased sensitivity has been tied with higher risk for psychopathology (Rapee et al., 2019), examining inflexibility in the interpretation of social situations in adolescence is imperative. Therefore we developed a developmentally-sensitive version of the Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE; Everaert et al., 2018) task.
Preliminary evidence from pilot studies on young adults shows that the developmentally-sensitive version of the BADE is similar to the adult BADE task. Specifically, in multiple regression models of previously collected data on young adults, greater NII and PII predict higher levels of depressive symptoms and dampening over and above NIB and PIB. Additionally, in a multiple regression model, NII predicted LSAS_Fear/avoidance and PII predicted LSAS_fear over and above NIB and PIB.
Accordingly, the present study examines whether interpretation inflexibility (as well as interpretation biases) might be associated with depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation in adolescence. Additionally, using a daily diary design following the completion of the BADE task, we will examine its predictive utility
ASIDE: Adolescents' Social Interpretations Determine their Experiences
No full textAuthors
Michael V. Bronstein, Reuma Gadassi Polack, Jonas Everaert, Jutta Joormann, & Sophia Vinogradov
Description
Everyday life is replete with ambiguous social situations; ambiguity in these situations can be resolved via interpretation (Blanchette & Richards, 2010). Cognitive models of depression and social anxiety have traditionally held that these forms of psychopathology may be caused, at least in part, by a tendency to infer more negative and fewer positive interpretations of ambiguous situations (Clark et al., 1999; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). More recent models have extended this account by asserting that the impact of interpretation bias may depend upon the resulting fit between interpretations and evolving situations (Mehu & Scherer, 2015). Accordingly, the consequences of interpretation for psychological wellbeing may depend not only on whether and to what extent interpretations tend to be resolved in a particular direction (“interpretation bias”), but also on the degree to which interpretations are revised as situations change (“interpretation flexibility”). In support of this possibility, previous work by our group has found that, in adults, less flexible interpretations of ambiguous social situations, above and beyond interpretation bias, are consistently associated with depression and social anxiety (Everaert et al., 2018, 2020). Moreover, we have found that the relation between inflexible interpretations and depression/social anxiety is mediated by dampening of positive emotions (the tendency to reduce the intensity/duration of positive emotions, for example by thinking “I should not be happy; good things won’t last for me”) (Everaert et al., 2020).
Here, we extend this line of research to adolescents using a developmentally-appropriate version of the Emotional Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) Task (which we developed to disentangle the effects of bias and inflexibility in the interpretation of ambiguous social situations). Using this task, we will examine whether inflexible interpretations (above and beyond biased ones) are related to depression and social anxiety in adolescents, and whether this relation is mediated by dampening of positive emotions, as was found for adults.
This investigation of the relations between inflexible/biased interpretations of ambiguous social situations and psychopathology in adolescents is important because it will set the stage for future work clarifying whether inflexible interpretations of these situations might contribute to depression/social anxiety as well as future work determining how interpretation bias/inflexibility fluctuate across development. Adolescence is an ideal developmental period to clarify whether this is the case for several reasons. First, the rate of onset for these pathologies increases rapidly during adolescence (vs. earlier developmental stages; see Luking et al., 2016), making studies examining whether inflexible interpretations temporally precede depression (a requirement for causation) more feasible. Second, adolescents (vs. people in other developmental periods) are more sensitive to social situations (Rodman, Powers, & Somerville, 2017; Somerville, 2013), and this increased sensitivity has been tied with higher risk for psychopathology (Rapee et al., 2019). Thus, adolescence is likely to be a developmental period where it may be easier to detect any causal effect of inflexible interpretations on depression/social anxiety
Jonas, Hobbes e le forme della paura
No full textThis essay aims at clarifying the concept of Jonas’s heuristic of fear. Although it has been severely criticized, fear remains an aspect of his thought which has drawn little attention, particularly regarding the role it plays in the elaboration of the imperative of responsibility. Jonas elaborates a new concept of fear, moulded by the particular form of uncertainty brought about by the technological age. Although critics have interpreted Jonas’ attempt as an ethics founded on irrationality and emotion, the present analysis shows that Jonas affirms a cognitivist theory of fear. The concept of fear he discusses in The Imperative of Responsibility is not an emotion as an immediate physical and psychological reaction, but a form of evaluative thinking that is part of responsibility. In order to illustrate form and function of fear in Jonas thought, I will refer to the meanings of fear in Hobbes, an author Jonas himself refers to
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