1,722,019 research outputs found
Female control over multiple matings increases the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection
Full text linkIt is widely acknowledged that in most species sexual selection continues after mating. Although it is generally accepted that females play an important role in generating paternity biases (i.e., cryptic female choice), we lack a quantitative understanding of the relative importance of female-controlled processes in influencing variance in male reproductive fitness. Here we address this question experimentally using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a polyandrous fish in which pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection jointly determine male reproductive fitness. We used a paired design to quantify patterns of paternity for pairs of rival males across two mating contexts, one in which the female retained full control over double (natural) matings and one where sperm from the same two males were artificially inseminated into the female. We then compared the relative paternity share for a given pair of males across both contexts, enabling us to test the key prediction that patterns of paternity will depend on the extent to which females retain behavioural control over matings. As predicted, we found stronger paternity biases when females retained full control over mating compared to when artificial insemination was used. Concomitantly, we show that the opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (standardised variance in male reproductive success) was greater when females retained control over double matings compared to when artificial insemination was used. Finally, we show that the paternity success of individual males exhibited higher repeatability across successive brood cycles when females retained behavioural control of matings compared to when AI was used. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role that females play in determining the outcome of sexual selection and to our knowledge provide the first experimental evidence that behaviourally moderated components of cryptic female choice increase the opportunity for sexual selection
Sustainability of the Chapter I prohibition : the changes necessary for it to survive the impact of defective design and implementation, decentralisation and the www factor
No full textThe thesis identifies and tests the objectives for the new domestic control of anti-competitive agreements, that is the Chapter I Prohibition, and considers whether the Prohibition can survive the developments since the Competition Act 1998 received Royal Assent, namely European reform and technological advancement. The objectives of prohibition, competition based assessment, flexibility, deterrence, effective investigation, transparency, urgency and a less burdensome regime are developed from the notion of competition, the Restrictive Trade Practices Act cases, the consultations for reform and the wealth of literature that that piece of legislation generated. The basis for gathering evidence to determine whether the Chapter I Prohibition can be sustained has been all information that has been put into the public domain, without recourse to questioning of the OFT or related bodies since transparency is one of the key objectives. Examining the design of the Prohibition against the objectives identified failings in the new law. These failings are analysed against the results of the first eighteen months of the Prohibition being in force, the implications of European reform and the impact of the Internet, to determine whether the Prohibition can be sustained. Together with the implications and problems raised by the further legislatory reform announced by the Government in July 2001, the work advocates the changes that should be made to ensure that the fruits of domestic reform will not be lost.</p
Neuropsychological mechanisms of very long term memory loss: a cognitive neuropsychological case study approach
No full textOur understanding of the mechanisms underlying very long-term memory impairments remains rather limited. The aim of this thesis is to clarify the nature of various distinctive forms of very long-term memory disorder and to shed light on the mechanisms that give rise to these syndromes.Chapter 1 provides a review of the relevant literature. Chapter 2 presents three sets of studies examining the nature and extent of retrograde amnesia following damage to temporal lobe and diencephalic structures. The extent to which medial temporal lobe structures are involved in the retrieval of autobiographical event memories across the lifetime is considered. The findings from these studies suggest that the hippocampal complex is critical to the ability to mentally re-experience or 'replay' events over a very extended period of time and probably as far back as childhood. These findings provide support for Multiple Trace Theory (Nadel and Moscovitch, 1997), and are less supportive of predictions derived from the Standard Consolidation Model of memory (Squire and Alvarez, 1995; Murre, 1996).Chapter 3 is concerned with (i) the circumstances under which extensive retrograde amnesia may occur in the absence of anterograde memory deficit and (ii) the dissociation of episodic and semantic retrograde amnesia. Two cases are studied. The first case, a patient with cerebral vasculitis, presented with a severe impairment in autobiographical episodic memory, with normal anterograde memory. The second case presented with a progressive impairment in her ability to recognise familiar faces and a loss of knowledge of people in the presence of intact autobiographical memory. Although the findings from these cases highlight the dissociation of episodic and semantic memory, it is argued that in the undamaged human brain there is a complex and dynamic interaction between the experiential and factual components of long-term memory. Chapter 4 presents two studies of very long-term anterograde memory.</p
Intersectionality is what gets lost in translation: from Saving Face (2004) to The Half of It (2020).
No full textIn Mainland China homosexuality is still a relatively sensitive topic that has effectively been banned from mainstream media. The impact of this censorship on Chinese queer culture is prominent: it has not only discouraged domestic media production, but stimulated Chinese queer fans to seek resources internationally, including relevant resources on major international streaming platforms such as Netflix and Hulu that are banned in mainland China. Fans have found alternative ways to translate, consume and disseminate these films outside of commercial streaming platforms to circumvent censorship. Among the wide range of queer media texts translated, films that involve queer characters of Chinese ethnicity or Chinese setting have been particularly welcomed and widely discussed within Chinese LGBTQ+ communities, given the shared cultural affinity as well as international scope that these films address. These discussions raise interesting questions on the transcultural links in global queer cinema as well as the fan-driven economy of queer media in China. Through a case study of Alice Wu’s two films Saving Face (2004) and The Half Of It (2020), both of which feature queer Chinese American protagonists, this chapter examines how the transcultural interpretations of homosexuality has deeply intertwined with the rising of transnational queer diaspora enabled by international immigrant flows and digital media and how the representations of racial and ethnic identity in the Global North can be dislocated 1 and reappropriated by local audiences in the Global South. It argues that the emotional and cultural belongingness, constructed among fans via translation and sharing these films support and enrich the development of local queer culture. However, issues such as class and race, both of which are highlighted and intertwined in the queer representations of the films, are rendered less visible and insignificant for Chinese audience. As such, the complexity is reduced, rendering the translations more utopian than the originals, and opening up a question of the limits of translation in a queer context
Introduction: translating sexualities in the Sinophone world
No full textThis Introduction positions the volume in relation to queer translation, queer globalisations and sexuality in China. It begins by discussing how the volume furthers ongoing debates in these fields by analysing them through the lens of global queer popular media, before offering a brief review of the literature in each of these areas. It argues that the collected chapters in the volume made a significant contribution across these areas through their analysis of popular media and through their examination of the agency of translators and viewers in the circulation of queer texts. It then gives an overview of the book, including a discussion of the organization of the chapters, before concluding with the overall contribution of the book
Aspects actuels de la psychologie du raisonnement
No full textEvans Jonathan St. B. T., Oléron Pierre. Aspects actuels de la psychologie du raisonnement. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 32 n°340, 1979. L'intelligence. pp. 643-653
Translation, streaming and the Korean Film Archive: towards sustainable solutions
No full textNo abstract available
Improving road incident detection algorithm performance with contextual data
No full textRoad Incident Detection Algorithms (IDAs) help Traffic Management Centres (TMCs) detect, and hence respond to road incidents more quickly and effectively, minimising road network disruption, injury, and risk of secondary incidents. The focus of this project is on developing novel incident detection algorithm techniques to contribute to the field of incident detection. A major problem faced by state of the art IDAs is the differentiation of incidents from contextual factors. Contextual factors (contexts) are factors that can be expected to cause disruption in traffic conditions in the future. Examples include sporting events, public holidays, weather conditions etc. Although some studies have addressed this problem, none have done so effectively on real-world data. TMCs commonly find that IDAs raise too many false alerts from contexts, and complain of IDAs requiring too much time, effort or expertise to implement. This research project focuses on how incident detection algorithms can better differentiate incidents from contexts, in an effective and simple enough way to be used in TMCs. The proposed approach incorporates contexts within a traffic forecasting algorithm, which creates forecasts of traffic conditions that can be expected if no incident were to occur. The forecasting algorithm is found to be more accurate than a commonly used historical average predictor in forecasting average speed and flow data from loop detectors, by 4.4% and 4.0% respectively. Incidents are then detected by an IDA that compares real-time traffic conditions with the forecasts. The IDA is evaluated in offline and online tests in order to ascertain whether incident detection algorithm performance can be improved with the incorporation of contexts. In the offline test, the IDA was shown to improve its performance by using contextual data, in detection rate from 94.4% to 96.7%, and in false alert rate from 1.75% to 1.50%. When tested online, in a TMC, 75 alerts were raised that were confirmed to correspond to incidents, and 49 of these alerts elicited a response from operators to manage the incident. Post-test interviews found that the majority found the developed IDA to a useful addition to their current incident detection methods, and would choose to continue to use the system. These results show that contextual data can be used to improve the performance of incident detection algorithms, in a way that is suitable for use in TMCs
- …
