71 research outputs found
sj-docx-4-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 – Supplemental material for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-4-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences by Tomas Uher, Adrian Adzima, Barbora Srpova, Libuse Noskova, Bénédicte Maréchal, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Jan Krasensky, Dominika Stastna, Michaela Andelova, Klara Novotna, Karolina Vodehnalova, Jiri Motyl, Lucie Friedova, Jiri Lindner, Veronica Ravano, Andrea Burgetova, Petr Dusek, Lenka Fialova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Tobias Kober, Jens Kuhle and Manuela Vaneckova in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-2-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 – Supplemental material for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences by Tomas Uher, Adrian Adzima, Barbora Srpova, Libuse Noskova, Bénédicte Maréchal, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Jan Krasensky, Dominika Stastna, Michaela Andelova, Klara Novotna, Karolina Vodehnalova, Jiri Motyl, Lucie Friedova, Jiri Lindner, Veronica Ravano, Andrea Burgetova, Petr Dusek, Lenka Fialova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Tobias Kober, Jens Kuhle and Manuela Vaneckova in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-3-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 – Supplemental material for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences by Tomas Uher, Adrian Adzima, Barbora Srpova, Libuse Noskova, Bénédicte Maréchal, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Jan Krasensky, Dominika Stastna, Michaela Andelova, Klara Novotna, Karolina Vodehnalova, Jiri Motyl, Lucie Friedova, Jiri Lindner, Veronica Ravano, Andrea Burgetova, Petr Dusek, Lenka Fialova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Tobias Kober, Jens Kuhle and Manuela Vaneckova in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 – Supplemental material for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585231197076 for Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences by Tomas Uher, Adrian Adzima, Barbora Srpova, Libuse Noskova, Bénédicte Maréchal, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Jan Krasensky, Dominika Stastna, Michaela Andelova, Klara Novotna, Karolina Vodehnalova, Jiri Motyl, Lucie Friedova, Jiri Lindner, Veronica Ravano, Andrea Burgetova, Petr Dusek, Lenka Fialova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Tobias Kober, Jens Kuhle and Manuela Vaneckova in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
Toxic or Not? Modeling Pseudo-nitzschia Consumption and Domoic Acid Cycling in Washington's Intertidal Bivalves
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2012The cosmopolitan diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia includes a number of species that are capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). When blooms of toxin-producing Pseudo-nitzschia are advected over intertidal shellfish beds, suspension-feeding clams, including mussels and oysters, feed on the diatom and bio-accumulate DA in their soft tissues. This results in a potential threat for humans, marine mammals, and sea birds that consume DA-tainted clams. On the outer coast of Washington State, DA has been responsible for numerous harvest closures for razor clams (Siliqua patula). In Puget Sound, however, only three harvest closures have occurred because of DA. This disparity raises the question: Why has Pseudo-nitzschia only caused three harvest closures in Puget Sound, while the coastal razor clam fishery has been plagued by frequent closures? In this dissertation, I hypothesized that: 1) clam competition in Puget Sound reduces Pseudo-nitzschia concentrations in seawater, thus DA toxicity in all clams; and, 2) the physiology of Puget Sound clams reduces DA uptake or retention relative to Washington outer coast razor clams. I explore several factors that affect DA concentrations in clams after a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom has already been established, using integrated oceanographic and food web models. Model inputs include: clam assemblage composition and abundance, beach slope profiles, tidal advection, suspension-feeding rates, DA assimilation efficiency, and depuration rates. These parameters were obtained through field studies and laboratory experiments. Comparison of sand/cobble beaches in Puget Sound to the Washington outer coast indicates that Puget Sound beaches are steeper, have a greater variety of suspension-feeding clam species, and have higher clam standing stock than outer coast beaches. Comparison of clam physiology between Washington outer coast and Puget Sound species indicates that outer coast razor clams feed on Pseudo-nitzschia and depurate DA at a slower rate than Puget Sound species. Model results reveal several factors that determine clam DA concentrations: tidal height of clams, beach gradient, and clam standing stock, especially at low tidal elevations. In addition, DA uptake and depuration rates play a major role in regulating DA concentrations in clams, thus affecting harvest closure regimes on the outer Washington coast and in Puget Sound
Urban-Rural Differences in Level of Various Forms of Trust in Hungary
No full textThis study examines the association between urban/rural residence and various forms of trust in Hungary, including control variables such as age, gender, income, marriage, qualification into the analysis. Trust is a basic dimension of human capital and a very often used concept in everyday situations too. Trust research became increasingly popular in recent years. However, urban-rural and spatial differences of specific forms of trust remains a rarely investigated question. Trust can be measured with one question (global or general trust) or with many questions. Global measures of trust have serious methodological and interpretative problems. Therefore a research was conducted with 19 questions concerning the various personal or impersonal subjects of trust. Respondents (n=2031) of a countrywide representative survey in Hungary rated their trust in various groups or institutions on a 10-point Likert scale. The results were analysed along the settlement hierarchy at four different levels: Budapest, the country capital; cities with county rights (namely the biggest Hungarian cities, apart from Budapest); smaller and medium sized cities; villages. Various sociodemographic factors were included into the analysis. In some cases age and gender is a more significant factor in differentiating the results as the settlement type, but age and gender can have a different effect on results for different settlement types. The results have a great variability according to the subject of trust. General differences between settlement types show a higher trust level in cities with county rights, then towns, villages and at last Budapest. Exceptions from this general picture are highly interesting: trust in personal contacts is much lower in Budapest, trust in institutions or abstract institutions (law and legal system, market system, political system, banks) is higher than in villages, institutions with more concrete personal contacts is higher in villages than in Budapest. The difference is bigger in the case of church. In Budapest, compared to other settlements, trust is lower in personal contacts, but the differences between settlement categories are lower than the differences of trust between the personal and impersonal contacts. Gender differences according to the settlement categories are also interesting. The highest trust level can be seen in elder age. However, trust of younger adults is higher in Budapest, mainly thanks to the much higher trust level in abstract institutions. Trust of younger adults in personal contacts and health institutions is not higher in Budapest. These are just some of the main finding of our complex results
Is there a county border effect in spatial income differences in Hungary?
No full textThe economic and social importance of administrative borders can be examined from the point of view of internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity of the delimited spatial units and from the point of view of the effect on the intensity of spatial interactions. This paper deals with the first question. Hungarian county borders can be treated as sharp limits from the administrative point of view. However, choropleth maps with county borders can suggest that county borders are sharp limits for the social and economic indicators also. It is a conceptually interesting question whether presenting data at county level is justified by the sharp differences of various indicators along the county borders or it is determined only by the availability of data. The aim of this study is to examine empirically the existence or non-existence of the county border effect by the example of spatial distribution of personal incomes in Hungary. The analysis is possible due to the availability of personal income data at the level of more than 3000 Hungarian settlements. The analysis is conducted by the comparison of average personal incomes of settlements ollowing areas: average of own county, average of neighbouring county, average of neighbouring settlements, average of neighbouring settlements in own county, average of neighbouring settlements in neighbouring county. The results show that county borders have effect only in those cases, where the border is determined by a sharp geographical barrier, namely Danube River and Lake Balaton. The settlements are more similar to the close settlements of a neighbouring county than to the average of own county
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Spawn Timing of Winter-Run Chinook Salmon in the Upper Sacramento River
No full textSpawn timing in anadromous Pacific salmon may be especially sensitive to environmental cues such as river temperature and flow regimes. In this study, we explored correlations between peak spawn timing and water temperature in endangered Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon. In recent drought years, rising water temperatures during egg incubation have negatively affected the winter-run Chinook Salmon population. This paper seeks to understand how winter-run spawn timing may be affected by temperatures during the staging period prior to spawning, and how water releases from Shasta Dam might affect these dynamics. We fit a proportional-odds logistic regression model to evaluate annual spawn timing as a function of average temperatures in April and May below Keswick Dam. While the start date of spawning remains relatively constant from year to year, the timing of peak spawning varies annually. Cool springtime temperatures trigger winter-run Chinook Salmon to spawn earlier, whereas warm springtime temperatures trigger fish to spawn later. Before dam construction, winter-run Chinook Salmon spawned in cool, spring-fed streams that are now inaccessible to migrating salmonids. In their natal spawning grounds, temperature-driven spawn timing would have primarily ensured sufficient time for egg maturation in cool years, while secondarily preventing egg and alevin mortality in warm years. In the current winter-run spawning grounds, the relationship between temperature and spawn timing may have important applications to management of Shasta Dam water releases, especially during conditions when thermal mortality can affect developing winter-run Chinook Salmon eggs
An experimental inquiry into the effect of yardstick competition on corruption:
No full text"This study reports theory-testing laboratory experiments on the effect of yardstick competition on corruption. The results reveal that on the incumbent's side, yardstick competition acts as a corruption-taming mechanism only if the incumbent politician is female. On the voter's side, voters focus on the difference between the tax rate in their own jurisdiction versus that in another jurisdiction. If the voters' tax rate is deemed unfair compared to that in the other jurisdiction, voters are less likely to re-elect. These findings support the claim by Besley and Case (1995) that incumbent behavior and tax setting are tied together through the nexus of yardstick competition, suggesting that our laboratory experiments have some external validity." from Author's AbstractCorruption, Yardstick competition, Political agency, Asymmetric and private information, Experiments, Social protection, Institutions,
Chemical characterization of organic particulate matter from on-road traffic in Sao Paulo, Brazil
No full textabstract: This study reports emission of organic particulate matter by light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, where vehicles run on three different fuel types: gasoline with 25 % ethanol (called gasohol, E25), hydrated ethanol (E100), and diesel (with 5 % biodiesel). The experiments were performed at two tunnels: Jânio Quadros (TJQ), where 99 % of the vehicles are LDVs, and RodoAnel Mário Covas (TRA), where up to 30 % of the fleet are HDVs. Fine particulate matter (PM[subscript 2.5]) samples were collected on quartz filters in May and July 2011 at TJQ and TRA, respectively. The samples were analyzed by thermal-desorption proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (TD-PTR-MS) and by thermal–optical transmittance (TOT). Emission factors (EFs) for organic aerosol (OA) and organic carbon (OC) were calculated for the HDV and the LDV fleet. We found that HDVs emitted more PM[subscript 2.5] than LDVs, with OC EFs of 108 and 523 mg kg[superscript −1] burned fuel for LDVs and HDVs, respectively. More than 700 ions were identified by TD-PTR-MS and the EF profiles obtained from HDVs and LDVs exhibited distinct features. Unique organic tracers for gasoline, biodiesel, and tire wear have been tentatively identified. nitrogen-containing compounds contributed around 20 % to the EF values for both types of vehicles, possibly associated with incomplete fuel burning or fast secondary production. Additionally, 70 and 65 % of the emitted mass (i.e. the OA) originates from oxygenated compounds from LDVs and HDVs, respectively. This may be a consequence of the high oxygen content of the fuel. On the other hand, additional oxygenation may occur during fuel combustion. The high fractions of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds show that chemical processing close to the engine / tailpipe region is an important factor influencing primary OA emission. The thermal-desorption analysis showed that HDVs emitted compounds with higher volatility, and with mainly oxygenated and longer chain hydrocarbons than LDVs.This article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. View the article as published at: https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/14397/2016
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