48 research outputs found
Pulmonary clearance rate of two chemically different forms of inhaled pertechnetate
No full textAttempts to image the pulmonary deposition site of radiolabeled aerosols delivered by dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been limited by the rapid pulmonary clearance of radiolabel. To determine whether aqueous solubility of the radiolabel is a significant factor, the pulmonary clearance rates of two chemically different forms of Tc-99m were calculated. A dry powder formulation of terbutaline sulphate was radiolabeled for inhalation by Turbuhaler (AstraZeneca) using the water-soluble salt sodium pertechnetate and the water-insoluble salt tetraphenylarsonium pertechnetate. A pilot study was conducted during which two control subjects each inhaled the two radiolabeled aerosols on separate days. Intrasubject clearance rates for the two species were very similar. It was therefore concluded that water insolubility of the pertechnetate salt alone was not enough to extend the lung residency time of the radiolabel
An advanced and detailed in vitro validation procedure for the radiolabeling of carrier-free terbutaline sulphate dry powder
No full textThe aerodynamic properties of 99mTc radiolabeled carrier-free terbutaline sulphate (TBS) have been thoroughly investigated following delivery by Turbuhaler® (AstraZeneca Lund, Sweden). A full and detailed radiolabeling procedure is also reported. The in vitro radiolabel validation was performed to determine whether TBS radiolabeled in this way would be representative of the commercially available product Bricanyl® Turbuhaler during clinical trials. The results indicated that variations in aerodynamic properties had been introduced and that the radiolabel would slightly underestimate the fine particle fraction of Bricanyl, but would nonetheless act as a suitable marker in vivo. Assumptions regarding the aerodynamic properties of doses likely to be received by clinical trial subjects were also examined. This has been achieved by extending the validation procedures beyond those usually reported to include dose number, time, and homogeneity dependent studies. It was found that doses extracted for testing purposes and simulated patient doses extracted shortly afterward had similar properties. Doses extracted 2 h after initial testing also had similar properties to the test doses. These results suggested that data from the test doses could be used for quality control purposes, would be representative of the doses to be received by clinical trial subjects, and that a short delay between initial testing and trial subject inhalation would be acceptable
Quantitative assessment of mucociliary clearance in smokers with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis from planar radionuclide imaging using the change in penetration index
No full textBackground: Mucociliary clearance (MCC) rate from the lung has been shown to be reduced in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study compared the use of change in penetration index (PI) with conventional whole lung clearance in assessing MCC in mild-to-moderate disease. Methods: Measurement of lung MCC using planar gamma camera imaging was performed in three groups: (1) healthy nonsmoking controls (n = 9), (2) smoking controls who were current smokers with normal lung function (n = 10), and (3) current smokers with mild-to-moderate COPD and bronchitis (n = 15). The mean (±standard deviation) forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) for the three groups was 109 (±18), 94 (±5), and 78 (±12), respectively. Following inhalation of a technetium-99m labeled aerosol, planar imaging was performed over 4 hours and then at 24 hours. Total lung clearance and tracheobronchial clearance (TBC; normalized to 24-hour clearance) were calculated. A novel parameter, the normalized change in PI (NOCHIP), was also evaluated. PI is the ratio of counts between outer and inner lung zones normalized to lung volume. Results: More aerosol was deposited in central airways in COPD compared to nonsmoking controls, using 24-hour clearance measurements (p < 0.001). Smoking controls had intermediate values. The optimal endpoint for MCC assessment was chosen to be 3 hours, when intersubject variability was minimal, while preserving a measure of early clearance. There was no statistical difference between the three groups in mean total lung clearance, or TBC, at 3 hours. NOCHIP at 3 hours was reduced significantly, compared to nonsmoking controls, in both smoking controls (p = 0.007) and COPD (p < 0.0001). It also correlated with FEV1 (p = 0.003). A higher proportion of smoking control subjects had NOCHIP values in the nonsmoking control range than in the COPD group. Conclusions: NOCHIP was a more sensitive measure of MCC than whole lung clearance and TBC in mild-to-moderate COPD.</p
Deposition and absorption of inhaled drugs
No full textMain objectives of this thesis were to evaluate a gamma scintigraphic method used to quantify drug aerosol deposition in the lung, to investigate the influence of two aerosol inhalation parameters on the distribution of inhaled dry powder within the airways, to assess pulmonary absorption kinetics and bioavailability of an inhaled hydrophilic solute in relation to site of deposition, and to assess the influence of a surface active agent (sodium taurocholate, a bile salt) on the deposition and absorption of an inhaled hydrophilic solute. Repeated planar gamma scintigraphy was found to provide the same information on total pulmonary drug deposition as an independent method that involved assessments of urinary drug recovery after blockage of gastrointestinal drug absorption when all of the critical parts of the methodological procedures were accurately and meticulously executed. In this work, the inhalation flow used at dry powder aerosol inhalation did not appear to influence intrapulmonary deposition pattern or total pulmonary deposition. On the other hand, dose delivery late in the breath was observed to increase dry powder aerosol penetration into the lung as a consequence of the greater lung volume and, thus, larger airway dimensions that the aerosol particles encountered. The main pulmonary elimination pathway for the inhaled hydrophilic drug solute was found to be trans-epithelial absorption, whereas mucociliary clearance was less important. Independent of intrapulmonary aerosol deposition pattern, absorption of was rapid and extensive. Both rate and extent of absorption increased by the surface active agent
CFROI® Ett alternativ till etablerade värderingsmått? En studie av modellens praktiska tillämpbarhet
No full textSyfte: Studiens syfte är att fastställa hur väl CFROI förklarar förändringar i marknadsvärdet för börsnoterade svenska företag. I syftet ingår även att avgöra huruvida värdebaserade värderingsmodeller har större förklaringsvärde än traditionella redovisningsbaserade mått samt att utreda om CFROI utgör ett alternativ till etablerade jämförbara värderingsmått. Metod: Studien utförs med en hypotetiskdeduktiv kvantitativ ansats och baseras främst på data erhållen från sekundära källor. Metodologin i den kvantitativa studien är linjär regressionsanalys. Resultat: Resultaten visar att CFROI har ett marginellt högre förklaringsvärde än EVA™ vad gäller svenska börsnoterade företags över-/underavkastning. De värdebaserade modellerna har högre informationsinnehåll än de redovisningsbaserade, av vilka ROE uppvisar högst förklaringsvärde. Dessa resultat understöds av den teoretiska utvärderingen som fastställer att CFROI är överlägsen EVA såväl som traditionella mått. Emellertid konstaterar vi att även om CFROI är att föredra vid extern analys så måste den kompletteras för att kunna användas framgångsrikt som ett internt styrmedel
Deposition and absorption of inhaled drugs
No full textMain objectives of this thesis were to evaluate a gamma scintigraphic method used to quantify drug aerosol deposition in the lung, to investigate the influence of two aerosol inhalation parameters on the distribution of inhaled dry powder within the airways, to assess pulmonary absorption kinetics and bioavailability of an inhaled hydrophilic solute in relation to site of deposition, and to assess the influence of a surface active agent (sodium taurocholate, a bile salt) on the deposition and absorption of an inhaled hydrophilic solute. Repeated planar gamma scintigraphy was found to provide the same information on total pulmonary drug deposition as an independent method that involved assessments of urinary drug recovery after blockage of gastrointestinal drug absorption when all of the critical parts of the methodological procedures were accurately and meticulously executed. In this work, the inhalation flow used at dry powder aerosol inhalation did not appear to influence intrapulmonary deposition pattern or total pulmonary deposition. On the other hand, dose delivery late in the breath was observed to increase dry powder aerosol penetration into the lung as a consequence of the greater lung volume and, thus, larger airway dimensions that the aerosol particles encountered. The main pulmonary elimination pathway for the inhaled hydrophilic drug solute was found to be trans-epithelial absorption, whereas mucociliary clearance was less important. Independent of intrapulmonary aerosol deposition pattern, absorption of was rapid and extensive. Both rate and extent of absorption increased by the surface active agent
Software Engineering Education Improvement : An Assessment of a Software Engineering Programme
No full textAn assessment of a software engineering program has been carried out by reviewing state-of-the-art literature pertaining to software engineering education. Six surveys have been adopted and the result implies that the balance of the curriculum should be revised, and that software engineering education ought to expand the technical oriented knowledge areas somewhat. Relevant curriculum data have been derived hereby, which also confirms other studies in the area. This data, along with a benchmark of the software engineering program to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), is very constructive to universities as it assists educators, trainers, and software engineering practitioners in evaluating, designing, and recommending existing and proposed curricula.This is the final revision of the thesis. Author may be contacted on +464458038. See also paper at the 18th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T), Ottawa, Canada
[rec. av] Anna Smedberg Bondesson, Anna i världen : Om Anna Rydstedts diktkonst (diss. Lund 2004)
No full textAnna Smedberg Bondesson, Anna i världen. Om Anna Rydstedts diktkonst : Ellerströms. Lund 2004
No full textAnna-Klara Bojö, Att skriva gränserfarenheter. En studie i Åsa Nelvins och Eva Runefelts författarskap. Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för litteratur, idéhistoria och religion. Göteborg 2021.
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