1,721,109 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
실험적으로 유발된 백서 피부종양에서 탄수화물대사 관여 효소에 관한 연구
No full text의학과/박사[영문]
[한글]
피부종양을 실험적으로 유도하는 과정에는 initiation과 promotion으로 이루어지는 2단
계 발암과정과 initiator를 지속적으로 도포함으로써 이루어지는 완전 발암과정의 2가지
가 있다. 2단계 발암과정에 의해 유발되는 종양은 대부분 유두종양이고 드물게 편평 상피
세포암이 나타나나 완전 발암과정에 의해 유발되는 종양은 편평 상피 세포암의 빈도가
높다. 동물에서 실험적으로 유도된 간이나 신장세포암에서 탄수화물대사에 관여하는 효소
활성도의 변화가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 즉 포도당이 glycogen으로 합성되지 않고 주로 gluco
se-6-phosphate로 인산화되어 해당이나 오탄당 인산경로를 통해 분해되므로써 암세포 성
장에 필요한 에너지와 핵산합성에 필요한 오탄당과 NADPH를 포도당으로부터 획득한다는
것이 알려졌다.
이에 본 연구자는 완전 발암과정을 이용하여 발암제 도포시부터 피부종양이 발생될 때
까지의 과정에서 탄수화물대사에 관여하는 효소 활성도의 변화를 관찰하여 피부종양의 완
전 발암과정에서 이들 효소의 역할을 규명하고저 본 실험을 시행하였다. 본 실험에서 백
서 피부에 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)용액을 도포하여 완전 발암과정에 의해
피부종양을 유발하였다. 발암제를 도포하는 동안 3, 7, 11, 17주에 조직을 얻어 동결 건
조 절편으로 만들어 탄수화물 대사에 관여하는 효소 6가지의 활성도와 단백질 및 deoxyri
bonucleic acid (DNA)함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.
1. DMBA도포 10주에 유두종양이 육안적으로 관찰되었으며 17주에 모든 백서에서 유두종
양이 나타났다.
2. 조직학적 변화는 DMBA도포 8주에 이형성(dysplasia)이 나타나기 시작하여 23주에 상
피내암(carcinoma in situ) 및 침윤성 상피암이 관찰되었다.
3. 해당경로의 효소인 hexokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase와 오탄
당 인산경로의 효소인 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase의 활성도는 DMBA도포 7주째부
터 대조군에 비해 의의있게 증가하였다.
4. Citric acid cycle의 효소인 isocitrate dehydrogenase의 활성도는 DMBA도포 3주, 1
7주에서 대조군에 비해 감소되었다.
5. 지방산 합성과 연결되는 효소인 β-hydroxybutyr빗근ok dehydrogenase의 활성도는DM
BA도포군에서 실험기간 동안 중가되어 있었으나 유의한 차이가 없었다.
6. 중성지방인 acylglycerol의 주요한 전구물질인 g1ycero1-3-phosphate를 생성하는 효
소인a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase의 활성도는 DMBA도포 3주에 가장 많이 증가하여
실험기간 동안 계속 증가되어 있었다.
7. 단백질과 DNA 함량은 실험기간 동안 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.
이상의 결과로 보아 탄수화물대사에 관여하는 효소의 활성도는 조직학적 이상소견이 나
타나기 전에 변화하며 이는 종양이 형성되는데 필요한 에너지와 핵산의 전구물질을 공급
하기 위함임을 알 수 있었다.
Changes in the Activities of Enzymes Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism During
Complete Carcinogenesis on Rat Skin
Eun-So Lee
Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University
(Directed by Professor Jung Bock Lee, M,D.)
Chemical carcinogenesis in the skin is divided into two models, two-stage
carcinogenesis and complete carcinogenesis. Two-stage carcinogenesis can be divided
into at least two defined stages, initiation and promotion. Skin tumors can also be
induced by single applications of a smaller dose of a complete carcinogen, such as
polycyclic hydrocarbon (complete carcinogenesis). One-stage protocols generally
yield do novo carcinomas or persistent papillomas while two-stage protocols yield
mostly papillomas which regress. Experimental animal models have shown that changes
in the activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism occur in
hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. Instead of aerobic respiration,
glucose utilization is shifted to glycolysis, especially the pentose phosphate
pathway whereby energy needed for growth of cancer cells and pentose and NADPH for
nucleic acid formation are generated. The authors have observed the changes in
enzyme activity involved in carbohydrate metabolism occurring in complete
carcinogenesis from the application of carcinogen to tumor formation. In this
experiment, the tumor induction was performed by painting 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a]
anthracene (DMBA) solution on the skin of rats. During the treatment, freeze-dried
tissue specimens were obtained at 3, 7, 11 and 17 weeks, and changes in the
activities of the enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism as well as the
protein and deoxyribonucleic arid(DNA) contents were measured.
The results are as follows.
1. After 10 weeks of DMBA treatment, papilloma was grossly observed and all the
rats developed papilloma after 17 weeks of the treatment.
2. Histological changes were noted first after 8 weeks of DMBA treatment when
dysplasia occurred, where as carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma were observed
after 23 weeks.
3. The activities of hexokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
enzymes of glycolytic pathway and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of
pentose phosphate path-way were significantly increased after 7 weeks treatment
with DMBA as compared to the control.
4. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of citric acid cycle was
slightly decreased in the groups treated with BMBA at 3 weeks and 17 weeks
postapplications compared to the control group.
5. The activity of β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase related to fatty acid
synthesis was increased during the treatment without statistical significance.
6. The activity of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme producing a major
precursor of acylglycerol, was increased during the experment and showed a peak at
3 weeks posttreatment.
7. There were no signifioant differences in protein and DNA contents during the
experiment. Form the above results it is concluded that increase in the
activivities of the enzyme catalyzing carbohydrate degradation proceeds before any
histological changes, and it that such changes might enable the cell to produce
energy and precursors of nucleic acids needed for the tumor formation.restrictio
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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