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Communicating using the eyes without remembering it: cognitive rehabilitation in a severely brain-injured patient with amnesia, tetraplegia and anarthria
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Affective saliency modifies visual tracking behavior in disorders of consciousness: a quantitative analysis.
No full textClinical and neurophysiological prognostic markers for short-term outcome in prolonged disorders of consciousness: a multi-centric longitudinal study of the International Brain Injury Association, Disorders of Consciousness-Special Interest Group
No full textSpontaneous eye blinking during an auditory, an interoceptive and a visual task: The role of the sensory modality and the attentional focus
No full textPrevious evidence suggested that spontaneous eye blinking changes as a function of the attentional focus. In particular, eye blink rate (EBR) tends to increase when attention is directed to internal versus environmental processing. Most studies on this issue compared eye blinking during visual and mental imagery tasks, and interpreted the increase in EBR as a mechanism to focus cognitive resources on internal processing by disengaging attention from interfering information. However, since eye blinking also depends on the sensory modality of the task, the findings might be influenced by a modality-specific effect.In the present Registered Report we aim at investigating whether the environmental versus internal attentional focus can affect spontaneous blinking behaviour in non-visual tasks as well, in conditions where visual stimuli are not relevant. In a within-subject design, healthy participants performed an interoceptive task (i.e., heartbeat counting) and an auditory task in which pre-recorded heartbeats were presented aurally; during both tasks irrelevant visual stimuli were also presented. In a further control condition with the same auditory and visual stimuli, the participants were required to focus their attention on visual stimuli. Participants' EBR was recorded during each task by means of an eye-tracking system.We found that, although the interoceptive task was more difficult than the auditory and visual tasks, participants' EBR decreased by a comparable level in all tasks with respect to a rest condition, with no differences between internal versus environmental conditions. The present findings do not support the idea that EBR is modulated by an internal versus external focus of attention, at least in presence of controlled visual stimulation.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Clinical and electroencephalographic on-off effect of amantadine in chronic non-traumatic minimally conscious state
No full textNeuropsychologic assessment and cognitive rehabilitation in a patient with locked-in syndrome and left neglect
No full textLate recovery after traumatic, anoxic, or hemorrhagic long-lasting vegetative state.
No full textObjectives: Late recovery of awareness in vegetative state (VS) is considered as an exceptional outcome, and has been reported prevalently after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present prospective study aimed to verify frequency of late recovery (later than 1 year postonset in TBI and 3
months postonset in patients without TBI) of responsiveness and consciousness in traumatic and nontraumatic long-lasting (more than 6 months after onset) VS.
Methods: Fifty inpatients with long-lasting VS (36% TBI, 36% hemorrhagic, and 28% anoxic) were enrolled and followed up for a mean of 25.7 months from onset (5 patients for more than 4 years). Level of responsiveness and functional disability were evaluated by means of validated
scales (Coma Recovery Scale–Revised and Disability Rating Scale).
Results: At the end of the study, 21 patients (42%) had died, 17 patients (34%) were in VS, and 2 patients with TBI (4%) had recovered responsiveness within 12 months postonset. The remaining 10 (20%) patients with TBI and patients without TBI showed late recovery of responsiveness; 6
of them (12%) further progressed to consciousness. Late recovery was significantly associated with younger age and was relatively more frequent in TBI. Functional abilities were severely impaired in all patients.
Conclusions: This clinical study demonstrates that late recovery of responsiveness and consciousness is not exceptional in patients with traumatic and nontraumatic VS, although with residual severe disability
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