1,720,987 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Precariousness among older adults living alone in San Francisco: An ethnography
Get PDFThe thesis critically explores the experience of living alone in older age in urban America. It develops the argument that living alone is a distinctive condition deserving particular sociological and political attention. The thesis is split into three parts. Part one covers theoretical and methodological issues, using a macro, meso and micro-sociological framework, drawing as well upon critical gerontology. This section also reviews the methodological approach adopted in the study, reviewing the development of an ethnographic method of analysis built around a theoretical sample of 47 San Franciscans over 75 living alone. Part two presents findings from the interviews conducted for the study, highlighting the precariousness of life in older age using the various levels of analysis. The structure of the thesis relates the personal level of analysis with the social, political, and economic levels. The micro level of analysis examines the struggle to maintain and gather resources on a personal level. The meso level moves the lens towards the interplay between the older solo dweller and institutions such as family, and community organizations as well as emissaries of institutions such as home care aides. Finally, the macro level of analysis assesses the mechanisms behind the allocation of resources to older solo dwellers. The influence of the state, the market economy, and globalization gain prominence in this analysis. The Third part of the thesis provides a discussion around evidence for the distinctiveness of living alone in urban America, followed by a conclusion summarizing some of the key issues raised by the research as well as its limitations. The sociological significance of this dissertation lies in its emphasis on the distinctive traits of living alone in older age, and in the original adoption of a notion, precariousness, within the sociology of aging. This study is also significant for allowing policy-makers and the public to further their understanding of a growing, but often invisible, living condition
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Mandating Home and Community-based Services (HCBS): A Situational Analysis of the Failures (and Successes) of Medicaid Community-based Attendant Services and Supports Legislation
Get PDFAs of the introduction of the Community Choice Act of 2007, people with disabilities and others who use Medicaid home and community-based services have been advocating for the passage of a federal bill to mandate community-based attendant services and supports (CASS) for over a decade. Eleven such bills to mandate Medicaid CASS were introduced in six successive Congresses between 1997 and 2008 and none have passed into legislation. Although this lack of passage is perceived as failure to many, I argue that there are many successes to be found in the story of these eleven bills to mandate Medicaid CASS.I entered the social arena to mandate Medicaid CASS through forty-four primary interviews with representatives of nine overlapping social worlds, many of whom had testified before Congress on this issue. Additionally, I used the texts of the eleven bills and other key documents to explore the social processes circulating in this arena. Using mapping techniques from situational analysis and the inductive data analysis processes from grounded theory, I explored four different processes and their role in facilitating success. By analyzing the substantive changes in each version of these bills to mandate Medicaid CASS, I documented both the significance of consistent reintroduction and a trend toward consumer direction and cross-disability politics. Second, through an analysis of the fifteen distinct phrases used to refer to a very similar "sets of activities" that would be mandated by these bills, I reframe CASS as a politically important concept to reduce interstate variation in access. Third, I provide a comparison of the two cost estimates of these bills, highlighting the relationship between "the woodwork effect" and unmet need. Lastly, I address the new ways in which many groups who are potential users of Medicaid CASS are working together and some of the challenges that remain unaddressed. Using the bills to mandate Medicaid CASS as an example, I conclude by offering a new model of the development of social policy based on the ecology of fruit-bearing trees. In this model, I encourage readers to relish in the success of the blooms and the processes that sustain them rather than (or in addition to) lamenting the lack of fruit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Reframing "Wellness": The Social Construction of Tobacco Use in the Mental Health Community
Get PDFWhile the rates of smoking in the general population have declined substantially over the last several decades, the prevalence of smoking among people with mental illness remains alarmingly high. For example, various estimates suggest that 50-90% of people with serious mental illness smoke, and nearly half of tobacco-related deaths each year occur among people with mental illness. Moreover, 70% or more of people with mental illness want to quit smoking, yet there often exist considerable barriers to access for cessation support. This research project is an attempt to understand the development and emergence of initiatives based on collaborative efforts between the mental health community and the smoking cessation field to raise awareness about and address the high rates of smoking among people with mental illness and the resulting health disparities that exist for this population. Research methods included: (1) individual in-person and telephone interviews with 26 national leaders in smoking cessation and mental health, (2) focus group interviews with 26 mental health consumers of various smoking statuses in California, (3) participant observation and fieldwork, and (4) a frames analysis of articles on this topic published in the last 10 years from six leading U.S. newspapers. Data were collected and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Overall, this research describes how collaborative efforts between the mental health and smoking cessation fields have resulted in the recognition of the high rates of smoking among people with mental illnesses as a social problem. This awareness has come from a shift in the social construction of tobacco use to one in which cessation is considered integral to overall wellness. The effort to address the disproportionate use of tobacco in the mental health community has allowed for the collective mobilization of the mental health and smoking cessation arenas, fields that have long been divided. This dissertation explores the enactment of and the possibilities for messages and actions to effectively and sensitively lower the rates of smoking among people with mental illness to reduce tobacco-related diseases, increase quality of life and life expectancy, and expand possibilities for recovery
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