1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Domestiquer la production et contrôler les flux : la double juridiction du Kazakhstan sur les cryptomonnaies
No full textInternational audienc
Quelle place pour les cryptomonnaies dans une Russie sous sanctions internationales ?
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Cartographie géopolitique du réseau Bitcoin
No full textInternational audienceDe son adoption comme monnaie légale au Salvador au bannissement de ses infrastructuresphysiques de Chine, en passant par sa place importante dans le conflit russo-ukrainien, cettedernière année a vu émerger Bitcoin comme une technologie aux répercussions géopolitiquesimportantes. Pourtant, les travaux en géographie et géopolitique sur ce réseau financieralternatif demeurent encore peu nombreux tant la complexité technique et lapluridimensionnalité de l'objet étudié sont importantes.L'objectif de cette présentation est d'essayer de définir Bitcoin en tant qu'objet géopolitiqueet de proposer des méthodes novatrices pour tenter de cartographier ce réseau numérique etses enjeux. Ce travail s'appuiera sur une approche ethnographique de l'infrastructurenumérique (Star, 1999) qu'est Bitcoin, afin de cerner les différentes entités (acteurs,institutions, protocoles, comportements, processeurs) composant le réseau. Cette approchepermettra d'étudier les répartitions et centralisations des pouvoirs (Musiani & al., 2016) quiapparaissent au sein d'un réseau à l'autorité théoriquement distribuée. Mais cette lecturepermettra surtout de mettre en avant l'importante matérialité de Bitcoin, et d'étudier lagéographie de ses composantes physiques (Bakis, 2013).Enfin, grâce à cette définition de Bitcoin en tant qu'objet géopolitique et une approche parla matérialité de l'infrastructure numérique (Knoespe & Zhu, 2008) qu'est ce réseau, nousallons proposer différentes méthodes pour tenter de le cartographier. En partant d'unecartographie des couches basses de Bitcoin (infrastructures de minage, copies de lablockchain), nous pourrons commencer à réfléchir aux acteurs et réseaux présents dans lesterritoires où Bitcoin est fortement ancrés qui influent sur l'infrastructure numérique et sonimplantation dans l'espace physiques. Cette réflexion cartographique sera ensuite poussée ausein des couches logicielles et d'application, pour reprendre les termes du découpage ducyberespace en différentes « couches » (Ventre, 2012). Nous verrons comment nous pouvonsutiliser une visualisation du réseau Bitcoin sous forme de graphes pour étudier et cartographiercertains phénomènes de centralisation des pouvoirs au sein d'un réseau à l'autoritéthéoriquement distribuée. Nous conjuguerons ensuite nos deux approches afin de dresser unmodèle de cartographie approprié à la visualisation et à l'étude du Bitcoin
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Geopolitics behind the Cryptocurrency Mining in Kazakhstan
No full textOn 25 January 2022, following a beginning to the year which had been affected
by major political unrest resulting in the deaths of more than 230 people 1 ,
Kazakhstan was hit by a major power blackout. For around twelve hours, the
entire southern regions of the country were left without power, as were
Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, two neighboring countries with which the southern
country shares the same electricity network. This event is the culmination of
several months of over-consumption, power surges and localized outages on the
Central Asian networks. In Kazakhstan, electricity consumption rose by 8% in
2021, according to Ministry of Energy 2 , the national electricity operator,
compared with the 1-2% annual increase previously recorded. This explosion in
consumption is said to have been driven by the widespread development of
cryptocurrency mining, a digital activity that can be extremely
energy-intensive when operated on a large scale.Comment: The article has been withdrawn to fit with the request of one of the
interviewees who didn't want to appear by name anymor
The Democratic Illusion through the Technological Illusion: a Case Study of the Implementation of a Blockchain to Support an E-voting Platform in Moscow (Active Citizen)
No full textFrom 1 to 4 July 2022, Muscovites were called upon to vote electronically for the location of the "Luhansk People's Republic" park in the capital. The vote was carried out via the online platform Active Citizen, a project of the Moscow City Hall that allows citizens to vote for or against urban development projects concerning the municipality. In this case, the vote did not ask Muscovites to choose between several names for a particular park, but rather to choose which of three proposed areas of the capital would be given a name that would resonate with current events in the country. Indeed, one of the reasons invoked by Russia to justify the invasion of Ukraine by its army, from 24 February 2022, is the protection and liberation of Donbass, a region in the east of Ukraine, notably composed of the People's Republic of Luhansk and the People's Republic of Donetsk. These Russian-speaking territories, separatists from Ukraine since 2014, were officially recognised by Russia the day after the surprise attack, and are at the center of the Kremlin's war communication to justify its attack, both to the international community and to its own population. Thus, it is a name laden with heavy political symbolism that Muscovites can assign to a piece of their city. The location of the three proposed territories was indicated by geographical markers, mostly the mention of adjacent streets, and were mostly enriched by specific details, indicated in brackets. Thus, among the nearly 110,000 voters, 56.85% chose the plot "close to the British embassy", while 13.78% opted for a location "between the Lithuanian and Belgian embassies", 10.64% for a territory "close to the German consulate", while 18.73% relied on "the decision of specialists". While voters represented only 5% of Active Citizen registrants (about 2.2 million in total) and less than 1% of the city's total population (about 12.5 million), it is interesting to note that this highly political decision on urban planning was done using an electronic voting platform
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