273 research outputs found
Contact Lens-Based Microchannel Rings for Detecting Ocular Hypertension
Full text linkGlaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The most acknowledged biomarker to diagnose and monitor glaucoma progression is intraocular pressure (IOP). Gold standard techniques for IOP monitoring are invasive, uncomfortable, and require visiting a clinic. In addition, most methods only provide a single snapshot on widely varying parameters. On the other hand, contact lenses have attracted particular interest to be used as continuous monitoring platforms to incorporate sensors, drugs, and more. Here, commercial contact lenses were laser-processed to be capable of detecting IOP variations in the physiological range. Three ring-couples with interspaces of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm were engraved on three soft contact lenses separately by using a carbon dioxide laser. The IOP/pressure variations induced repeatable changes in the ring-couple interspace which acted as a smartphone-readable pressure sensor. The processed contact lenses may be a potential candidate toward IOP monitoring at point-of-care settings
Posttraumatic stress and worry as mediators and moderators between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in Palestinian children
No full textThis study was designed to assess whether the symptoms of posttraumatic stress mediate or moderate the relationship between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in Palestinian children. It was hypothesized that (a) posttraumatic stress and worry mediate the effect of political stressors on behavioral and emotional disorders and (b) the relationship between political stressors and behavioral and emotional disorders should be attenuated for children with low levels of worry and posttraumatic stress and strengthened for children with high levels of worry and posttraumatic stress. The total sample was 1267 school age children of both sexes with a mean age of 11.97 years. Interviews were conducted with children at school. As hypothesized, the results indicated that posttraumatic stress and worry mediated and moderated the relationship between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be used to reduce the incidence of posttraumatic stress and decrease self-reported worry, somatic symptoms, general anxiety, and depression among children exposed to political trauma. Cognitive-behavioral treatment that exclusively targets excessive worry can lead to clinical change in the other interacting subsystems at the cognitive, physiological, affective and behavioral levels. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Aiken L., 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; Almqvist K, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P723, DOI 10.1097-00004583-199906000-00020; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT; BARON RM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1173, DOI 10.1037-0022-3514.51.6.1173; Borkovec T. D., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE CLIN P, V4, P439; BORKOVEC TD, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P611, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.61.4.611; Breslau N, 2000, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V48, P902, DOI 10.1016-S0006-3223(00)00933-1; Cloitre M, 2009, J TRAUMA STRESS, V22, P399, DOI 10.1002-jts.20444; Diefenbach GJ, 2001, DEPRESS ANXIETY, V14, P247, DOI 10.1002-da.1075; Dorahy MJ, 2009, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V112, P71, DOI 10.1016-j.jad.2008.04.003; Dugas MJ, 1997, COGNITIVE THER RES, V21, P593, DOI 10.1023-A:1021890322153; Elbedour S, 2007, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V31, P719, DOI 10.1016-j.chiabu.2005.09.006; Garmezy N, 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P152; Gilbertson MW, 2001, J TRAUMA STRESS, V14, P413, DOI 10.1023-A:1011181305501; Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111-j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x; Grych JH, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P84, DOI 10.1037--0022-006X.68.1.84; Hoagwood KE, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P773, DOI 10.1097-chi.0b013e3180413def; Hoagwood KE, 2007, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V36, P581; Horowitz M. J., 1979, PSYCHOSOM MED, V41, P207; Johansson P, 2007, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V14, P1, DOI 10.1002-cpp.514; Khamis V, 2008, SOC SCI MED, V67, P1199, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2008.06.013; KHAMIS V, 1993, BEHAV MED, V19, P93; KHAMIS V, 1993, J TRAUMA STRESS, V6, P555, DOI 10.1002-jts.2490060411; Khamis V, 2005, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V29, P81, DOI 10.1016-j.chiabu.2004.06.013; Khamis V, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V46, P1033, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)10032-6; Khamis V., 2000, POLITICAL VIOLENCE P; Kivisto AJ, 2009, J TRAUMA STRESS, V22, P344, DOI 10.1002-jts.20425; Ladouceur R, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P957, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.68.6.957; Litz BT, 2002, CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR, V9, P112, DOI 10.1093-clipsy-9.2.112; MALMQUIST CP, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P320, DOI 10.1016-S0002-7138(09)60253-3; Masten AS, 2001, AM PSYCHOL, V56, P227, DOI 10.1037--0003-066X.56.3.227; MATHEWS A, 1990, BEHAV RES THER, V28, P455, DOI 10.1016-0005-7967(90)90132-3; McNally RJ, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI PUBLIC I, V4, P45, DOI [DOI 10.1111-1529-1006.01421, 10.1111-1529-1006.01421]; Meewisse M. L., 2005, J TRAUMA STRESS, V4, P299; MEYER TJ, 1990, BEHAV RES THER, V28, P487, DOI 10.1016-0005-7967(90)90135-6; Muris P, 2001, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V32, P63, DOI 10.1016-S0005-7916(01)00022-2; Sachinvala N, 2000, J NERV MENT DIS, V188, P818, DOI 10.1097-00005053-200012000-00005; Taft CT, 2007, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V116, P498, DOI 10.1037-0021-843X.116.3.498; Thabet AAM, 2002, LANCET, V359, P1801, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(02)08709-3; Thabet AAM, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P533, DOI 10.1111-j.1469-7610.2004.00243.x; Vasterling JJ, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V16, P5, DOI 10.1037--0894-4105.16.1.5; Wells A., 1994, ATTENTION EMOTION CL; Yates TM, 2003, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V15, P199, DOI 10.1017-S0954579403000117; Yilmaz E., 2008, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V15, P424; Yule W., 1994, INT HDB PHOBIC ANXIE, P223; ZILBERG NJ, 1982, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V50, P407, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.50.3.40712
Stressors, family environment and coping styles as predictors of educational and psychosocial adjustment in Palestinian children
No full textThis study investigated the contributions of child and parents' sociodemographics, daily stressors, family environment, and coping strategies, to academic achievement, cognitive functioning and aggression in a sample of 600 children at the intermediate grade levels from Gaza Strip. Each of the predictor variables exhibited a different pattern of relations with the outcome domains. Although the study highlights the negative consequences of stress on children's development, certain daily stressors had a positive effect. Optimal family relationships predicted better developmental outcomes. More emphasis on personal growth, control and organisation in the family predicted less optimal child development except for personal growth and achievement. More reliance on positive coping and less reliance on negative coping is associated with better academic achievement. The clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed. © 2013 Taylor and Francis.Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE; Barrera M. A., 1981, SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCI, P69; BOGENSCHNEIDER K, 1994, SOCIOL EDUC, V67, P60, DOI 10.2307-2112750; Bongers IL, 2003, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V112, P179, DOI 10.1037-0021-843X.112.2.179; Bradley RH, 2005, DEV PSYCHOL, V41, P89, DOI 10.1037-0012-1649.41.1.89; Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV EX; Cairns E., 2001, INT ENCY SOCIAL BEHA, P16360; Causey D., 1993, PREVENTION SCH TRANS, P59; Compas BE, 2001, PSYCHOL BULL, V127, P87, DOI 10.1037--0033-2909.127.1.87; Cummings M., 2009, CLIN CHILD FAM PSYCH, V12, P16; Eisenberg N, 2005, CHILD DEV, V76, P1055, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2005.00897.x; Evans GW, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P1238, DOI 10.1111-1467-8624.00469; Folkman S, 1997, SOC SCI MED, V45, P1207, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)00040-3; Gelhaar T, 2007, EUR J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P129, DOI 10.1080-17405620600831564; Hinkle D. E., 2003, APPL STAT BEHAV SCI; Khamis V, 2012, SOC SCI MED, V74, P2005, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2012.02.025; Khamis V., 2000, POLITICAL VIOLENCE P; Kiser L. J., 2010, TRAUMATOLOGY, V16, P33, DOI [10.1177-1534765609358466, DOI 10.1177-1534765609358466]; KURDEK LA, 1988, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V80, P90, DOI 10.1037-0022-0663.80.1.90; La Greca A. M., 2001, ANXIETY DISORDERS CH, P159; Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP; Li H, 2008, DEMOGRAPHY, V45, P223, DOI 10.1353-dem.2008.0006; Lugo-Gil J, 2008, CHILD DEV, V79, P1065, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2008.01176.x; McLoyd VC, 1998, AM PSYCHOL, V53, P185, DOI 10.1037-0003-066X.53.2.185; Merton R. K., 1957, SOCIAL THEORY SOCIAL; Moos B., 2002, FAMILY ENV SCALE; Morales JR, 2006, CHILD DEV, V77, P907, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2006.00910.x; Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR), 2008, POV GAZ STRIP; Pearlin L., 1993, HDB STRESS THEORETIC, P303; Poulin M, 2008, PSYCHOL AGING, V23, P13, DOI 10.1037-0882-7974.23.1.13; Punamaki RL, 2001, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V29, P281, DOI 10.1002-jcop.1018; Rogers KN, 2003, J EARLY ADOLESCENCE, V23, P349, DOI 10.1177-0272431603258344; Schroeder VM, 2009, J CHILD FAM STUD, V18, P227, DOI 10.1007-s10826-008-9223-0; Seery MD, 2010, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V99, P1025, DOI 10.1037-a0021344; SPIRITO A, 1988, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V13, P555, DOI 10.1093-jpepsy-13.4.555; Wadsworth M. E., 2005, J CHILD FAM STUD, V14, P283, DOI DOI 10.1007-S10826-005-5056-211
Self and other in umaymah al-khamis’ salma al umaniyyah
No full textThis paper explores patterns and perspectives to the construction of Self and Other in Saudi women’s fiction through a close reading of one the works of one of the earliest female writers to emerge in the Kingdom. A study of how this female writer arrived at the construction of the Saudi ‘Self’ in contradistinction to the other raises pertinent questions on notions of identities across cultures and civilizations. The paper examines series of ‘external Others’, established by the author; Umaymah Al-Khamis, whose own literary exposition and journeys enabled her to depict the question of national identity from a new standpoint. It also gives a picture of ‘internal Other’ of women who, for whatever reason, have perceived themselves as occupiers of the peripheries of the society. It draws its theoretical framework from Edward Said and Michel Foucault. In Salma Al-Umaniyyah, Umaymah Al-Khamis exemplifies the slippery texture of the Self and Other as well as its implications for socio-cultural harmony in human societies. The paper consequently contemplates the following questions: Why is it that the existing studies on Saudi Arabian literature, dominated by male writers interested in entrenching male dominance, have ignored the expression of ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in the literary tradition of the Kingdom? What extent is a ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ factor in the production and consumption of fiction in Saudi Arabia? Why is it that, the author or Salma Ai-Umaniyyah is interested in ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in her creativity
Finite element prediction of deformation mechanics in incremental forming processes
Full text linkThis thesis presents new insights into gaps in the knowledge of conventional spinning and single point incremental forming (SPIF) processes through numerical modelling of their deformation mechanics. The deformation mechanics of conventional spinning is investigated by constructing finite element (FE) models of a cylindrical cup using both single and dual roller passes. A design of experiments (DOE) technique is used to generate an experimental plan based on all the relevant process parameters, followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach which is then used to determine the most critical parameters. The results indicated that the area in which most of the plastic deformation is taking place changes during the subsequent passes. The deformation mechanics of SPIF is investigated by constructing a novel dual-level finite element model of the forming of a truncated cone. The first-level FE model is validated against experimental data and the second level FE model is used to investigate the deformation modes through the sheet thickness. DOE and ANOVA techniques are used to investigate the influence of the different process parameters on the predicted through-thickness shear. Simple strategies are applied to reduce the geometrical errors without affecting the process flexibility. The results of the second-level FE model indicated that through-thickness shear is an important component in the deformation mechanism in SPIF.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Participatory Strategic Foresight Framework: Embracing Future Thinking in Design Education and Community Vision Planning
No full textChanges in society, student expectations, and technology continue to shift the ways in which we learn. The contemporary state of design education is being affected by changes in the professional realm that requires a future thinking-centered design to increase the citizen participation in designing their own future city-environment. As new forces reshape the academic landscape and conversations around educational accessibility pervade public debate, examining existing methodologies of design research and curricula is significant to enhance the student experience and equip them with the skills needed for future professional practice. Future thinking can be seen as a crucial premise to approach solving a problem in an innovative way. It is particularly essential
at circumstances in which challenges are complex, vague, and ambiguous. Any futures-focused effort, strategic foresight, or provocation about an alternate future scenario is a means of exploring and learning from generated possibilities. Design-Futures deal with the role of design in shaping future alternatives. Future thinking incorporates two particular approaches: diverging and converging. It requires both a flexible way of understanding, to come with different thoughts, and know-how to make responsible decisions. This chapter reviews the literature crossing strategic foresight and interior design with the accentuation put on how design students, educators and design practitioners may engage with the future to investigate the challenges to decision-making.
The author has developed a framework crossing the area of service & product design through future thinking, user and community centered design. The framework is structured to educate design practitioners effectively and also empower them to lead the market as change-makers. This paper will present case studies of participatory design workshops that addressed different areas of
concern but were underpinned by a shared approach. Through this framework, conclusion is presented as the elaboration of a futures thinking framework that can contribute to many other design disciplines
Finite element prediction of deformation mechanics in incremental forming processes
No full textThis thesis presents new insights into gaps in the knowledge of conventional spinning and single point incremental forming (SPIF) processes through numerical modelling of their deformation mechanics. The deformation mechanics of conventional spinning is investigated by constructing finite element (FE) models of a cylindrical cup using both single and dual roller passes. A design of experiments (DOE) technique is used to generate an experimental plan based on all the relevant process parameters, followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach which is then used to determine the most critical parameters. The results indicated that the area in which most of the plastic deformation is taking place changes during the subsequent passes. The deformation mechanics of SPIF is investigated by constructing a novel dual-level finite element model of the forming of a truncated cone. The first-level FE model is validated against experimental data and the second level FE model is used to investigate the deformation modes through the sheet thickness. DOE and ANOVA techniques are used to investigate the influence of the different process parameters on the predicted through-thickness shear. Simple strategies are applied to reduce the geometrical errors without affecting the process flexibility. The results of the second-level FE model indicated that through-thickness shear is an important component in the deformation mechanism in SPIF
Influences of Powder Compaction Constitutive Models on the Finite Element Simulation of Hot Isostatic Pressing
Full text linkAbstractHot isostatic pressing (HIPing) is a promising near net-shape manufacturing technology that can be employed for fabrication of complex parts out of metal powders. Design of tooling/canister that allows net-shape HIPing is still based on expensive experimental try-outs and subsequent iterations to modify the initial canister geometry. An auspicious alternative approach is finite element (FE) simulation. However, the FE results are strongly dependant on the implemented powder metal constitutive model. The current research shed the light on finite element analysis of HIPing process, based on steel 316L powder, using three different constitutive models namely; CAM-Clay, modified Drucker-Prager and modified Drucker-Prager with creep. Comparison with experimentally deformed final geometry and densification history of the HIPed material were carried out. Discrepancies in predicted final geometry dimensions were ranging from 1% to 6.34% compared to experimental trials. Drucker-Prager with creep constitutive model showed the highest accuracy in final geometry predictions with relative error of 1.5∼4.8%
An assessment of various process strategies for improving precision in single point incremental forming
No full textConventional Spinning and Single Point Incremental Forming:Numerical Investigation and Statistical Analysis
No full textSheet metal forming that incorporates an incremental approach has demonstrated a great potential to form a wide range of industrial products. The majority of the previous research on conventional spinning has focused on the first pass, clearly, the effect of subsequent roller passes on the deformation mechanics needs more attention. Statistical methods such as Design of Experiment (DOE) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), which can be used to identify the most critical working parameters and their optimal setting, are rarely used in conventional spinning practice, but have great potential for this type of process. Although Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) processes have potential application areas, the process is still not widely applied in industry. There are many gaps in existing knowledge of the processes. An understanding of the process mechanics is limited. The higher formability associated with SPIF processes is an area where different ideas and explanations are given. Additionally, the geometrical accuracy resulting from SPIF is not good enough, and is regarded as unacceptable for some applications. These issues are addressed in the present study
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