610 research outputs found
Who benefits from promoting small and medium scale enterprises ? some empirical evidence from Ethiopia
Get PDFThe Addis Ababa Integrated Housing Development Program aims to tackle the housing shortage and unemployment that prevail in Addis Ababa by deploying and supporting small and medium scale enterprises to construct low-cost housing using technologies novel for Ethiopia. The motivation for such support is predicated on the view that small firms create more jobs per unit of investment by virtue of being more labor intensive and that the jobs so created are concentrated among the low-skilled and hence the poor. To assess whether the program has succeeded in biasing technology adoption in favor of labor and thereby contributed to poverty reduction, the impact of the program on technology usage, labor intensity, and earnings is investigated using a unique matched workers-firms dataset, the Addis Ababa Construction Enterprise Survey. The data are representative of all registered construction firms in Addis and were collected specifically for the purpose of analyzing the impact of the program. The authors find that program firms do not adopt different technologies and are not more labor intensive than non-program firms. There is an earnings premium for program participants, who tend to be relatively well-educated, which is heterogeneous and highest for those at the bottom of the earnings distribution.Labor Markets,Access to Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Microfinance,Labor Policies
The Politics of Famine in Ethiopia
Get PDFIn attempting to explain the causes of famine, the literature on famine points to different factors. This list of causes includes: drought; neo-Malthusian population growth; environmental degradation; limited technology; capitalist development, or the lack of it; the nature of the state, blamed either for lack of intervention or, on the contrary, for too much intervention; and, war.
However, to attempt to determine how causation of famine might be quantitatively apportioned between the different factors listed in the debates on causes of famine is of
limited value, precisely because the different factors that promote famine - drought, environmental degradation, economic decline, war - are inextricably intertwined and
interact with one another. Moreover, famine is not simply predetermined by the factors that the debate on causes itemizes. People's own actions and what people choose to do
also shapes the outcome and future strategies for survival.
The concern of this thesis is with famine in the case study areas, but our concern is not with debating the causes of famine as much as with identifying consequences. We
examine the effects of the array of forces on people's strategies for survival in the research areas during and after the drought and famine of the mid-1980's. We describe
the different strategies pursued by people in the study areas in the circumstances that existed during the drought and famine of the mid-1980's; and then discuss the
consequences of those actions for people's ability to recover and for people's future survival strategies.
The empirical data are based on two case studies carried out over a 6 month period from late October 1991 to end April 1992 in the Kallu area of southern Wollo. Wallo is the
province that was hit hardest by famine during 1984/5 and in 1972/4. In documenting the resource base in which people in the study areas sought to survive, our findings
challenge commonly held assumptions about the effects of the 1975 Land Reform, the nature of Peasant Associations, and the nature of gender relations. The findings on the
consequences of people's responses during the drought and famine of the mid-1980's indicate that we need to reconsider the issue of what is meant by the notion of 'coping', so central to much of the literature on famine survival strategies
Competency Assessment on Gram Stain Examination and Interpretation Among Medical Laboratory Professionals Working in Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textAdugna Kassie Tsehay,1 Helmneh Mazengia Sineshaw,2 Kirubel Eshetu,3 Addisu Gize,4 Samuel Ayele Abebe,5 Adane Mihret,6 Kassu Desta Tullu7 1Laboratory Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3Diagnostics Team, Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4Department of Microbiology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 5Data Management and Biostatistics, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 6Bacterial and Viral Diseases, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 7Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Adugna Kassie Tsehay, Email [email protected]: Laboratory test results are the cornerstone for patient diagnosis and treatment. Gram staining is a classic laboratory test method used to differentiate between bacteria. Competence assessment can help identify gaps and provide suggestions to academics, researchers, and policymakers to address competency gaps. In Ethiopia, there is no evidence of competency assessment by medical laboratory professionals using the Gram-staining technique.Objective: To assess the competency of medical laboratory professionals on Gram stain examination and interpretation in selected hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the competency of medical laboratory professionals on Gram stain examination and interpretation from September 2015 to December 2017.Results: Of 190 participants, 55 (28.9%) participants scored low knowledge, 131 (68.9%) scored medium knowledge, and only 4 (2.1%) respondents scored high knowledge. From the study variables, education level, supervision by regional or federal government bodies, and training about Gram staining were significantly associated with the knowledge level of study participants. Forty eight (25.3%), 78 (41%), and 64 (33.7%) participants scored low, medium, and high skill level, respectively, from a total of 190 participants. From skill level analysis, hospital type, microscope type, and availability of health information resources were significantly associated with skill levels. There were 44 observations (4%) with major errors and 321 observations (28%) with very major errors from all 1140 observations. Of all observations, 321 (28.2%) reported without grading, 39 observations (3.4%) reported gram-positive bacteria as gram-negative bacteria, and 15 observations (1.4%) reported gram-negative bacteria as gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: The current study found that most medical laboratory professionals work without supervision or refresher training in Gram stain examination and interpretation. Hence, medical laboratory professionals’ knowledge and skill levels are unsatisfactory. Regular competence assessments, training, and follow-up are necessary to improve the professional competence in medical laboratories.Keywords: knowledge, skill, competence, gram stain and medical laboratory professional
Barter in practice: a case study of liwac transaction in Addis Ababa
No full textThe author examines the contemporary liwac or barter system in Addis Ababa, a thriving part of the informal economy which involves the exchange of household goods for second-hand clothes and shoes. He concludes that this form of transaction positively co-exists with and is not superseded by the monetised economy.This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.</p
Book Review: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural Landscape
No full textBook Title: Addis Ababa: the Evolution of an Urban African Cultural LandscapeBook Author: Ronald A. ReminickLewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7734-1387-
Addis Building Configurator: Computational design tool for efficient planning of mass housing in Addis Ababa
No full textThe paper presents ongoing applied research on the development of a computational design tool addressing planning deficiencies in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Because of increasing population pressure and a lack of planning resources, Addis Ababa is clearly in need of new efficient planning solutions. The tool proposed utilizes and combines different generative design methods in order to increase the efficiency of planning and construction processes. The paper discusses design goals and the implementation strategy involved
Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for Achieving Green Architecture Concepts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textSolid waste is one of the social and environmental challenges that urban areas are facing. The study assesses the state of solid waste in Addis Ababa during 2016–2020 to provide implications for achieving green architecture concepts through better management of solid waste and its economic contribution. The study uses secondary and primary data. Quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed through descriptive statistics and context analysis, respectively. The result reveals that most solid waste is generated from households, followed by commercial centers, street sweeping, industries/factories, hotels, and hospitals, respectively. From 2016 to 2020, an average of 80.28% of solid waste is collected, whereas 19.72% of the waste is not collected. There are little or no efforts made to segregate solid waste at the source. The generated waste is disposed of in the Reppi open landfill. Together with Ethiopian electric power (EEP) and the City Government of Addis Ababa, waste has been converted to energy since 2019. The study suggests minimizing waste from its source by reducing generation, composting, reusing, recycling, waste-to-energy strategy, and well-designed buildings to achieve the concept of green architecture in Addis Ababa through better solid waste management
Addis Ababa Living Lab: Soft Data
No full textThis research booklet brings together a selection of a qualitative analysis to aspects that characterize the History, Religion, Politics, Arts and Craftsmanship of Ethiopia, in general, and Addis Ababa in particular. This booklet compiles information collected from different sources (mainly bibliographic references and digital archives). The result of the survey is processed using new visual outputs that allow a panoramic account of many aspects that characterize the case study (Addis Ababa).This report was produced as part of the Global Housing Graduation Studio of Architecture & Dwelling from the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment. The studio was set up as a supportive educational component in the research project ‘Addis Ababa Living Lab’ (2019-2023), jointly funded by NWO-WOTRO and TU Delft.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Global Housin
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