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Arrenurus Esen, Erman & Dilkaraoglu, 2013, syn. nov.
No full textArrenurus (s.str.) vavrai Thon, 1899 Arrenurus (s.str.) kurui Erman, 1993 syn. nov. Material examined. Elazıġ Province, Kovancılar, Yeniköy village 25.viii. 1989, (14 / 5 /0), leg. Erman; Bingöl Province, Karlıova, Toklular village, 16.vii. 2009, (1 / 3 /0), leg. Esen. Remarks. Due to the presence of well developed hyaline extensions on petiole ventrolaterally, the similarity of A. vavrai and A. kurui was stated by Smit et al. (2000) firstly. In the original description Erman (1993) compared A. kurui with A. processiger Viets, 1930 and A. zapus Cook, 1976, but was not aware of the close similarity with A. vavrai Thon, 1899. Examination of the specimens from Eastern Anatolia (Elazıġ and Bingöl Province–Erman & Özkan 2000; Esen 2011) show that, due to the concave anterior margin of idiosoma, blunt humps on dorsal shield, short cauda and pygal lobes, associated setae of petiole extending to posterior margin of petiole, and similar dimensions of idiosoma, petiole and total length of palp (Thon 1899), A. kurui is in perfect agreement with A. vavrai. Thus A. kurui should be considered a junior synonym of A. vavrai. A description of the Turkish specimens are given below. Male: Idiosoma 864–1135 long (including petiole), 684–864 wide. Anterior margin of idiosoma concave, dorsal shield incomplete, dorsal shield W 384–553, dorsal furrow not extending to lateral margin of idiosoma. Dorsal humps blunt (fig. 6 A). Genital plates wide and extending to lateral margin of idiosoma. Medial distance between fourth coxal plates relatively large (fig. 6 B). Cauda distinct, pygal lobes very short. Hyaline membrane short, with a concave posterior margin. Petiole rounded posteriorly. Petiole L/W 88–110 / 69–76. Petiole with hyaline extensions on ventrolaterally (figs. 6 C, D). Ligulate process small, rounded posteriorly and not extending to posterior margin of petiole (fig. 6 E). Associated setae nearly extending to posterior margin of petiole. Palp total L 283–320. dL of palp segments: P- 1 29–33, P- 2 73–81, P- 3 53–64, P- 4 81–89, P- 5 47–53. P- 2 medially with five setae (fig. 6 F). IV-L- 4 with a spur. Female: Idiosoma L/W 1428–1460 / 1190–1200, anterior margin of body straight, posterolateral corners slightly distinct, dorsal shield L/W 1080–1100 / 816–825. Gonopore L/W 126 / 153, genital plates large. Medial distance of fourth coxal plates as wide as two genital valves (fig. 6 G). Genital field W 790–815. Palp total L 334, dL of palp segments: P- 1 39, P- 2 84, P- 3 65, P- 4 95, P- 5 51. P- 2 medially with five setae. Distribution. Czech Republic (Thon 1899), Turkey (“ Arrenurus kurui ” Erman 1993).Published as part of Esen, Yunus, Erman, Orhan & Dilkaraoglu, Sibel, 2013, Contribution to the study of arrenuroid water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Turkey, pp. 73-83 in Zootaxa 3666 (1) on pages 80-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/28385
Edwardsiella ictaluri T3SS Effector EseN Modulates Expression of Host Genes Involved in the Immune Response
Get PDFThe type III secretion system (T3SS) effector EseN is encoded on the Edwardsiella ictaluri chromosome and is homologous to a family of T3SS effector proteins with phosphothreonine lyase activity. Previously we demonstrated that E. ictaluri invasion activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) early in the infection, which are subsequently inactivated by EseN. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed a total of 753 significant differentially expressed genes in head-kidney-derived macrophages (HKDM) infected with an EseN mutant (∆EseN) compared to HKDM infected with wild-type (WT) strains. This data strongly indicates classical activation of macrophages (the M1 phenotype) in response to E. ictaluri infection and a significant role for EseN in the manipulation of this process. Our data also indicates that E. ictaluri EseN is involved in the modulation of pathways involved in the immune response to infection and expression of several transcription factors, including NF-κβ (c-rel and relB), creb3L4, socs6 and foxo3a. Regulation of transcription factors leads to regulation of proinflammatory interleukins (IL-8, IL-12a, IL-15, IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Inhibition of COX-2 mRNA by WT E. ictaluri leads to decreased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is the product of COX-2 activity. Collectively, our results indicate that E. ictaluri EseN is an important player in the modulation of host immune responses to E.ictaluri infection
Arrenurus Esen, Erman & Dilkaraoglu, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textArrenurus (s.str.) ovatipetiolatus Esen & Erman sp. nov. Type material. Holotype male, Kahramanmaraş Province, Pazarcık, Lake Baġlama, 37 °. 16.52 ' N 37 °.07.30' E, 555 m a.s.l., 07.viii. 2012. Paratype: one female, same data as holotype; 1 male and 7 females, same location as holotype, 12.ix. 2012. Diagnosis. Male: Petiole long, ovally shaped, posteriorly rounded; posterior margin of ligulate process pointed, lateral margin of ligulate process irregularly undulating; associated setae of petiole not extending to posterior margin of petiole. Female: Medial margins of fourth coxal plates larger than medial margin of third coxal plates; medial distance between fourth coxal plates less than width of one genital valve; gonopore with sclerotized patches. Description. Male: Idiosoma (in parentheses measurements of the paratype) 1463 (1360) long (including petiole) and 980 (900) wide. Anterior margin of idiosoma concave, dorsal shield incomplete, passing onto cauda, dorsal shield W 615 (572) (fig. 1 A). Dorsal humps well developed (fig. 1 B). Gonopore L 92 (84), genital plates extending to lateral body margin. Medial distance of fourth coxal plates smaller than width of gonopore (fig. 1 C). Cauda distinct and well set off from anterior idiosoma, pygal lobes well developed. Petiole large, ovally shaped, widest in the middle, L 323 (290), maximum W 147 (140), rounded posteriorly, posterior margin of ligulate process pointed, lateral margin of ligulate process irregularly undulating. Associated setae of petiole shorter and slightly exceeding 50 % length of petiole. Hyaline membrane relatively short, with a concave posterior margin (fig. 1 D). Capitulum ventral L 160, chelicera L 182. Palp (fig. 1 E) total L 373, dL of palp segments: P- 1 40, P- 2 94, P- 3 68, P- 4 100, P- 5 71; P- 2 medially with four setae. Swimming setae on leg segments; II-L- 3: 4, II-L- 4: 5, II-L- 5: 6, III-L- 3: 10, III-L- 4: 11, III-L- 5: 8, IV-L- 3: 10, IV-L- 4: 12, IV-L- 5: 12. IV-L- 4 with a spur. Dorsal L of I-L: 82-120 - 141-216 - 178-222, IV-L- 4-6: 432 - 160-207. Female. Idiosoma L/W 1403 (1308)/ 1234 (1140), anterior margin of idiosoma straight, posterolateral corners distinct, dorsal shield complete, L/W 890 (825)/ 861 (800). Gonopore L/W 200 (188)/ 236 (230), genital valves with triangular chitinized patches, genital plates large, slightly bowed, laterally rounded, genital field W 700 (687). Medial distance of fourth coxal plates less than width of one genital valve (fig. 2 A). Capitulum ventral L 167, chelicera L 190. Palp (fig. 2 B) total L 401, dL of palp segments: P- 1 42, P- 2 94, P- 3 68, P- 4 100, P- 5 71. P- 2 medially with four setae. Swimming setae on leg segments; II-L- 3: 4, II-L- 4: 8, II-L- 5: 6, III-L- 3: 7, III-L- 4: 10, III-L- 5: 8, IV-L- 3: 8, IV-L- 4: 11, IV-L- 5: 9. Dorsal L of I-L: 80-122 - 153-207 - 182-209, IV-L- 4-6: 432 - 160-207. Habitat. Stagnant waters covered with rushes and water lily. Etymology. The species is named for its ovally shaped petiole. Remarks. Due to the well developed pygal lobes, rounded posterior margin of petiole, concave anterior margin of body and incomplete dorsal shield, the new species is very similar A. ayyildizi Erman, 1993 and A. virens Neuman, 1880. It can be distinguished from A. ayyildizi in the well developed dorsal humps, the posterior margin of the hyaline membrane wider, the associated setae of petiole not extending to posterior margin (in A. ayyildizi associated setae extending to posterior margin of petiole-see fig. 1 F) and posterior margin of ligulate process pointed. Furthermore, differences are found in larger idiosoma size (in A. ayyildizi collected from Bingöl Province maximum L/W 1075 / 680) and preference habitat (A. ayyildizi collected from streams). Arrenurus virens differs from the new species in the wider hyaline membrane posteriorly, the shorter petiole, the associated setae of petiole extending to posterior margin and the genital plates not extending to lateral margin of idiosoma. The female of the new species is, due to the distinct posterolateral corners and shape of the genital field, similar to the female of A. ayyildizi. It differs from A. ayyildizi in the larger idiosoma size (in A. ayyildizi maximum L/W 1027 / 866) and genital valves with wider triangular chitinized patches.Published as part of Esen, Yunus, Erman, Orhan & Dilkaraoglu, Sibel, 2013, Contribution to the study of arrenuroid water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) from Turkey, pp. 73-83 in Zootaxa 3666 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/28385
Figure 4. Parathyas colligera, A in Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey
No full textFigure 4. Parathyas colligera, A. Frontal area of male, B-C. Frontal area of female (arrows indicate prefrontale variability in females).Published as part of Esen, Yunus, 2022, Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey, pp. 28-35 in Acarological Studies 4 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.47121/acarolstud.1033310, http://zenodo.org/record/815521
Figure 2 in Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey
No full textFigure 2. Parathyas colligera, male: A. Idiosoma, dorsal view, B. Genital field, C. Excretory pore (Scale bars = 100 µm).Published as part of Esen, Yunus, 2022, Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey, pp. 28-35 in Acarological Studies 4 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.47121/acarolstud.1033310, http://zenodo.org/record/815521
Edwardsiella ictaluri T3SS effector EseN is a phosphothreonine lyase that inactivates ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and PDK1 and modulates cell death in infected macrophages
Get PDFEseN is an Edwardsiella ictaluri type III secretion system effector with phosphothreonine lyase activity. In this work, we demonstrate that EseN inactivates p38 and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in infected head-kidney-derived macrophages (HKDMs). We have previously reported inactivation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Also, for the first time, we demonstrated that EseN is involved in the inactivation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), which has not been previously demonstrated for any of the EseN homologs in other species. We also found that EseN significantly affected mRNA expression of IL-10, pro-apoptotic baxa, and p53, but had no significant effect on anti-apoptotic bcl2 or pro-apoptotic apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1. EseN is also involved in the inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3/7 but does not affect caspase-9 activity. Repression of apoptosis was further confirmed with flow cytometry using Alexa Fluor 647-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide. In addition, we found that the E. ictaluri T3SS is essential for the inhibition of IL-1β maturation, but EseN is not involved in this process. EseN did not affect cell pyroptosis, as indicated by the lack of EseN impact on the release of lactate dehydrogenase from infected HKDM. The transmission electron microscopy data also indicate that HKDM infected with WT or an eseN mutant died by apoptosis, while HKDM infected with the T3SS mutant more likely died by pyroptosis. Collectively, our results indicate that E. ictaluri EseN is involved in inactivation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and PDK1 signaling pathways that lead to modulation of cell death among infected HKDMs
FIGURE 1A–C in A checklist of the water mites of Turkey (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with description of two new species
No full textFIGURE 1A–C. Atractides anatolicus sp. nov. (A = male, B–C = female): A = coxal and genital field; B = coxal field; C = genital field. Scale bar = 100 μm.Published as part of Erman, Orhan, Pešić, Vladimir, Esen, Yunus & Özkan, Muhlis, 2010, A checklist of the water mites of Turkey (Acari: Hydrachnidia) with description of two new species, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 2624 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19818
Figure 3 in Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey
No full textFigure 3. Parathyas colligera, female: A. Idiosoma dorsal view, B. Palp, lateral view, C. Palp, dordal view, D. Capitulum, lateral view, E. Genital field, F. Excretory pore (Scale bars = 100 µm).Published as part of Esen, Yunus, 2022, Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey, pp. 28-35 in Acarological Studies 4 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.47121/acarolstud.1033310, http://zenodo.org/record/815521
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Figure 1 in Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey
No full textFigure 1. Parathyas palustris, female: A. Idiosoma, dorsal view, B. Palp, medial view, C. Genital field D. Excretory pore; Male: E. Gnathosoma, F. Genital field, G. Excretory pore (Scale bars = 100 µm).Published as part of Esen, Yunus, 2022, Contribution to the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Turkey, pp. 28-35 in Acarological Studies 4 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.47121/acarolstud.1033310, http://zenodo.org/record/815521
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