1,957 research outputs found
The human alpha-1-antitrypsin gene is efficiently expressed from two tissue-specific promotors in transgenic mice
No full textα-1-antitrypsin (α-1AT) present in large amounts in human serum and. synthesized predominantly in hepatocytes, is the most abundant protease inhibitor and α-1AT mutant proteins are associated with heriditary disorders. To investigate the regulation of the normal human α-1AT gene, we have microinjected fertilized mouse eggs with a 17.5 kb DNA fragment containing the entire gene with 7 kb 5′ and 0.3 kb 3′ flanking sequences. We show that this DNA fragment contains all the information for efficient, accurate and tissue-specific expression. High serum concentration of the human protein was found in three independent transgenic mouse lines. The human α-1AT RNA is transcribed efficiently in liver, kidney and macrophages and we demonstrate that two different promoters are used for the expression in liver and macrophages of the transgenic mice. © 1987 IRL Press Limited, Oxford, England
Inducible and tissue-specific expression of human C-reactive protein in transgenic mice
No full textInvention for commencement of commercialization of transgenic mice with Inducible and tissue-specific expression of human C-reactive protein
Agra solanoi Erwin, new species
No full textAgra solanoi Erwin, new species (Figs. 21 a, 21 b, 21 c, 21 d) Holotype. Male, COSTA RICA: Limón, Tortuguero National Park, Cerro Tortuguero, 119m, 10 ° 34 'N 83 ° 32 'W, May, (J. Solano)(INBio: CRI 000 242786). Diagnosis. Males with dense, short vestiture on metasternum and long dense vestiture on abdominal sterna IIIV. Elytral apex spinose medially, markedly projected acutely laterally, with slight lobe between; interneurs striatiopunctate with regular unisetose foveae in intervals 2, 4, 6, and 8. Sternum VI of male with lateral angles acute. Description. Color and luster: Brunneous. Antennae rufotestaceous; slightly infuscated femora contrast with testaceous tibiae and tarsi. Form: Head (Fig. 21 a) behind eyes short, markedly angulate posteriorly in male, slightly rounded in female. Prothorax robust, wider than head. Elytron (Fig. 21 b) with apex slightly lobed medially, lateral tooth large, acute, sutural apex spinose. Males with dense, short vestiture on metasternum, long dense vestiture on abdominal sterna IIIV; middle tibia slightly clavate apicomedially. Sternum VI (Fig. 21 c) deeply Vnotched in male, narrowly and shallowly Vnotched in female. Aedeagus (Fig. 21 c) with ostium moderately long, left pleuropic, apex narrowly lobate, parameres setiferous. Size: medium, 14.6 to 17.0 mm in length, 2.4 to 2.8 mm in width. Other specimens examined. Costa Rica: 17 paratypes, 10 males, 7 females, from the following Conservation Areas: Arenal Tilarán, Cordillera Volcanica Central, Guanacaste, Osa, Pacifico Central, and Tortuguero. Costa Rica, Cartago, 1m, Turrialba, 83 ° 38 'W 9 ° 53 'N, May, (H.F. Howden & A. Howden)(UASM: ADP 85301), 1m, January, (V.M. Kirk)(UASM: ADP 21812), 1m, January, (V.M. Kirk)(UASM: ADP 21823), 1m, Turrialba, 1200m, 83 ° 38 'W 9 ° 53 'N, March, (W.R. Enns)(UMoC: ADP 100529), 1 f, Turrialba, 3.0 km SE, CATIE, 83 ° 38 'W 9 ° 53 'N, June, (J.A. Chemsak, H. Katasura & A. & E. Michelbacher) (UCB: ADP 70518); Guanacaste, 1m, Tilarán, 800m, 84 ° 59 'W 10 ° 28 'N, (F. Nevermann)(WAR: ADP 4224); Heredia, 1 f, Estacíon La Selva, Puerto Viejo, 3.0 km S, 50 150m, 83 ° 59 'W 10 ° 27 'N, January, (D.L. Wagner)(INBIO: CRI 002 724432), at light, 1m, June, (F.T. Hovore)(FTHC: ADP 87130), 1 f, June, (F.T. Hovore)(FTHC: ADP 100531), 1m, Puerto Viejo, 3.0 km S, Finca La Selva, 84 °01'W 10 ° 26 'N, April, (H. A. Hespenheide)(HAH: ADP 5094); Limón, 1 f, P.N. Tortuguero, Estacíon Cuatro Esquinas, 0m, 83 ° 32 'W 10 ° 34 'N, LN 280000,590500, October, (J. Solano)(INBIO: CRI 000 296760), 1m, Tortuguero, Cerro Tortuguero, 0100m, 83 ° 32 'W 10 ° 34 'N, LN 285000,588000, May, (J. Solano)(INBIO: CRI 000 242793), 1m, October, (J. Solano)(INBIO: CRI 000 032205), 1 f, June, (R. Delgado)(INBIO: CRI 001 363770), 1 f, Puntarenas, A.C. Osa, Peninsula de Osa, Bosque Esquinas, 200m, LS 301400,542200 # 2816, May, (J.F. Quesada)(INBIO: CRI 001 862232), 1m, P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 84 °09'W 9 ° 24 'N, LS 370900,448800 # 1181, April, (C. Cano)(INBIO: CRI 001 718849), 1 f, Peninsula de Osa., Rancho Quemado, 200m, LS 292500,511000, September, (F. A. Quesada)(INBIO: CRI 001 190451), 1m, Monteverde, 84 ° 48 'W 10 ° 18 'N, May, (F.T. Hovore)(FTHC: ADP 70527). Specific epithet. The specific epithet, solanoi, is the Latinized genitive form of the family name of collector of the Holotype, parataxonomist José Solano of San Isidro del General, San José. Notes. This widespread species ranges from sea level to 1200m altitude, in both wet and dry forests. Adults of this species are commonly attracted to lights.Published as part of Erwin, Terry L., 2002, The Beetle Family Carabidae of Costa Rica: Twentynine new species of Agra Fabricius 1801 (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Lebiini, Agrina), pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 119 on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16280
Molecular metabolism / Dietary sugars, not lipids, drive hypothalamic inflammation
No full textObjective: The hypothalamus of hypercaloric diet-induced obese animals is featured by a significant increase of microglial reactivity and its associated cytokine production. However, the role of dietary components, in particular fat and carbohydrate, with respect to the hypothalamic inflammatory response and the consequent impact on hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis is yet not clear. Methods: We dissected the different effects of high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diets and low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diets on hypothalamic inflammatory responses in neurons and non-neuronal cells and tested the hypothesis that HCHF diets induce hypothalamic inflammation via advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using mice lacking advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) receptor (RAGE) and/or the activated leukocyte cell-adhesion molecule (ALCAM). Results: We found that consumption of HCHF diets, but not of LCHF diets, increases microgliosis as well as the presence of N(ε)-(Carboxymethyl)-Lysine (CML), a major AGE, in POMC and NPY neurons of the arcuate nucleus. Neuron-secreted CML binds to both RAGE and ALCAM, which are expressed on endothelial cells, microglia, and pericytes. On a HCHF diet, mice lacking the RAGE and ALCAM genes displayed less microglial reactivity and less neovasculature formation in the hypothalamic ARC, and this was associated with significant improvements of metabolic disorders induced by the HCHF diet. Conclusions: Combined overconsumption of fat and sugar, but not the overconsumption of fat per se, leads to excessive CML production in hypothalamic neurons, which, in turn, stimulates hypothalamic inflammatory responses such as microgliosis and eventually leads to neuronal dysfunction in the control of energy metabolism.Gernot F. Grabner, Bernhard Wagner, Erwin Zinser [und 16 weitere]Version of recor
Roy Wagner (1938-2018): el espejo humeante de la antropología
No full textRoy Wagner died in September 2018. This article, written out of affection and admiration, shows the originality of Wagner’s thought and highlights its importance for understanding, not only current anthropology, increasingly influenced by his work, but also the anthropological machine and its great invention, culture. The article examines moments of his life and his tastes, and recounts anecdotes told by him to provide a better understanding of the disciplinary and theoretical links that Wagner estab-lished with authors like Claude Lévi-Strauss, Victor Turner, Gregory Bateson and Carlos Castaneda. The article concludes with an extensive bibliography for those who want to explore further the work of an author who is set to become a defining figure in the anthropology of the near future.Roy Wagner murió en septiembre de 2018. Este artículo, escrito desde el afecto y la admiración, muestra la originalidad del pensamiento de Wagner y destaca la importancia del mismo para entender no solo la antropología actual, cada vez más in-fluenciada por su trabajo, sino también el propio proceder antropológico y su gran invención: la cultura. El artículo se acerca a momentos de su biografía, a sus gustos y relata anécdotas por él contadas para entender mejor los vínculos disciplinares y teóri-cos que Wagner establece con autores como Claude Lévi-Strauss, Victor Turner, Gregory Bateson o Carlos Castaneda. El artículo incluye al final una amplia bibliografía suya para quienes quieran profundizar en la obra de un autor que va a marcar sin duda la antropología de los próximos tiempos
Musikstädte as real and imaginary soundscapes: urban musical images as literary motifs in twentieth-century German modernism
No full textPhDThis study examines German literary images of musical life as part of the wider sound identity of the modern German city at the turn of the twentieth century. Focussing on a forty-year period from 1890 to 1930, synonymous with the emergence of the modern German metropolis as an aesthetic object, the project assesses, compares and contrasts how musical life in the Musikstädte was perceived and portrayed by writers in an increasingly noisy urban environment. How does urban musical life influence and condition city writings? What are the differences and similarities between the writings on various musical cities? Can an urban textual sound identity be derived from these differences and similarities? The approach employed to answer these questions is a new, cross-disciplinary one to urban sound in literature, moving beyond reading the key sounds of the urban soundscape using urban musicology, sensorial anthropology and cultural poetics towards a literary contextualisation of the urban aural experience.
The literary motifs of the symphony, the gramophone and urban noise are put under the spotlight through the analysis of a wide range of modernist works by authors who have a special relationship with music. At the centre of this analysis are the Kaffeehausliteratur authors Hermann Bahr, Alfred Polgar and Peter Altenberg, the then Munich-based author Thomas Mann and the lesser known René Schickele. The analysis of these particular works is framed in the music-geographical context of the Musikstadt and literary underpinnings of this topos, ranging from Ingeborg Bachmann to Hans Mayer and, once again, Thomas Mann. In analysing these texts, the methodological approach devised by Strohm, who identifies the blending of a range of urban sounds as a definition of urban space and identity, is applied. His ideas combine historical literary
analysis, musical history and urban sociology. They are rarely used in the analysis of the auditory environment.Arts and Humanities Research Council
Westfield TrustWestfield Trust Studentship
Arts and Humanities Reseach Council (AHRC
A visual demonstration of supramolecular chemistry: observable fluorescence enhancement upon host-guest inclusion
No full textPT: J; CR: BOZZELLI JW, 1982, J CHEM EDUC, V59, P787 BRESLOW R, 1998, J CHEM EDUC, V75, P705 BUCCIGROSS JM, 1996, J CHEM EDUC, V73, P275 BURROWS HD, 1983, J CHEM EDUC, V60, P228 CATENA GC, 1989, ANAL CHEM, V61, P905 CONN MM, 1997, CHEM REV, V97, P1647 CONRADI S, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P1122 CRAM DJ, 1992, NATURE, V356, P29 CRAMER F, 1967, J AM CHEM SOC, V89, P14 DIEDERICH F, 1990, J CHEM EDUC, V67, P813 EBBESEN TW, 1989, J PHYS CHEM-US, V93, P7139 FEMIA RA, 1985, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V19, P155 FYFE MCT, 1997, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V30, P393 HAMILTON AD, 1990, J CHEM EDUC, V67, P821 KONDO J, 1976, J BIOCH, V79, P393 LACKOWICZ JR, 1983, PRINCIPLES FLUORESCE, CH7 LEHN JM, 1988, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V27, P89 LERNER DA, 1989, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V227, P297 LI S, 1992, CHEM REV, V92, P1457 WAGNER BD, 1998, J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A, V114, P151 ZARZYCKI PK, 1996, J CHEM EDUC, V73, P459 ZIESSEL RF, 1997, J CHEM EDUC, V74, P673; NR: 22; TC: 6; J9: J CHEM EDUC; PG: 4; GA: 274KQSource type: Electronic(1
Notch1 and Corneal Cell Fate
No full textI very much enjoyed reading a Developmental Cell paper from Freddy Radtke's laboratory describing exciting findings regarding the requirement of Notch1 signaling for maintenance of corneal integrity during wound repair. The authors showed that Notch1 controls corneal cell fate and prevents keratinization and tissue differentiation into a skin-like epithelium, which is causal to corneal blindness. They further demonstrated that this effect is through negative control of FGF-2 and vascularization and through positive control of vitamin A metabolism. These results provided novel insights into the role of Notch1 as a master regulator of corneal cell fate to prevent skin-like epithelium formation upon injury. I consider these findings particularly interesting because Notch1 signaling in the epidermis is not only required for normal epidermal stratification, differentiation, and skin tumor suppression but is also required for the prevention of cell fate changes upon stress. This discovery serves as a basis for further investigations into the importance of Notch 1 for corneal blindness and also provides a platform to study the differential effects of Notch1 expression in other epithelial cell types and its regulation by upstream or downstream effectors.This PaperPick refers to “Corneal Epithelial Cell Fate Is Maintained during Repair by Notch1 Signaling via the Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism,” by S. Vauclair, F. Majo, A.-D. Durham, N. B. Ghyselinck, Y. Barrandon, and F. Radtke, published in August 2007.Video AbstractFreddy Radtke and Craig Nowell discuss what led to the 2007 Vauclair et al. study and the implications of its findings
The Balassa-Samuelson Effect in 'East & West'. Differences and Similarities
No full textBased on two detailed Balassa-Samuelson (BS) studies, Wagner and Hlouskova (2004) for eight Central Eastern European countries (CEECs) and Wagner and Doytchinov (2004) for ten Western European countries (WECs), this study assesses the differences and similarities of the BS effect between these two country groups. The econometric results show that the BS effect may have been overestimated in previous studies due to application of inappropriate first generation panel cointegration methods. When appropriately quantified, the BS effect itself explains RER movements respectively inflation differentials only to a small extent. However, extended BS relationships that include additional variables allow for an adequate modelling of inflation. Based on the comparative analysis we draw some conclusions for monetary policy in the future enlarged Euro Area.Balassa-Samuelson effect, Central and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Non-stationary panels, Inflation simulations
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