1,720,967 research outputs found
Standardizing diagnostic assessment of autism spectrum disorder : assets and challenges
No full textThe overall aim of this thesis was to study some previously under-researched psychometric properties of the standardized diagnostic instruments Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised [ADI-R] and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule [ADOS] as well as the standardized Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition [VABS-II] in order to improve current diagnostic practice.Excellent interpersonal objectivity operationalized as interrater reliability of the ADI-R and the ADOS has been reported from research settings with highly trained, research reliable examiners. However, there are no studies from clinical practice despite the wide usage of both instruments in these settings. In studies I and II, the objectivity of the ADI-R and the ADOS was examined in clinical practice among clinical users. For the ADI-R, the objectivity for items (medians), domains and criteria exceeded G(q,k) (analogous to intraclass correlation) = .90 in all instances and was ĸ = .83 for classification. For modules 1-4 of the ADOS, items (medians) ranged from G(q,k) = .74 to .83, overall totals from .85 to .92 and classification was ĸ = .69.Diagnostic validity of the ADI-R’s and the ADOS’ revised algorithms, separately and in combination, has previously only occasionally been reported for young children. In study III, the diagnostic validity of these instruments was examined in a large clinical sample of toddlers and young preschoolers. Diagnostic validity for the combined ADI-R and the ADOS yielded a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 88% while the classification accuracy for the single use of the ADI-R and the ADOS in general was lower.Finally, despite a multitude of studies reporting on the effect of the new DSM-5 symptomatology criteria of ASD on diagnosis rates, no studies have analyzed the effect of the novel DSM-5 impairment criterion. In study IV, this was examined in a subsample of the young children of study III. In accordance with the DSM-5 conceptualization of impairment, this was measured with the standardized VABS-II and different cutoffs of adaptive functioning were applied to operationalize impairment. We showed that, depending on the threshold (1, 1 1⁄2 and 2 SDs below the mean) used to operationalize impairment, 88%, 69% and 33% respectively of the children with a DSM-IV-TR ASD diagnosis fulfilled the impairment criterion compared to 91% for the DSM-5 symptomatology criteria.To conclude, in terms of objectivity our results endorse the universal use of the ADI-R and the ADOS in everyday clinical practice and research for all age groups as the first choice diagnostic instruments for ASD. The combined use of the ADI-R and the ADOS yields better diagnostic validity than the separate usage of either instrument. Moreover, our results suggest that a strict application of the new DSM-5 impairment criterion might compromise early diagnosis for 12-67% of young children with a complete DSM-5 ASD symptomatology. The main asset of using standardized instruments is improved objectivity in assessing ASD symptomatology.List of scientific papersI. Eric Zander, Charlotte Willfors, Steve Berggren, Christina Coco, Anette Holm, Ida Jifält, Renata Kosieradzki, Jenny Linder, Viviann Nordin, Karin Olafsdottir, & Sven Bölte. (2015). The objectivity of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in clinical settings. [Submitted]II. Eric Zander, Charlotte Willfors, Steve Berggren, Nora Choque-Olsson, Christina Coco, Anna Elmund, Åsa Hedfors Moretti, Anette Holm, Ida Jifält, Renata Kosieradzki, Jenny Linder, Viviann Nordin, Karin Olafsdottir, Lina Poltrago, & Sven Bölte. (2015). The objectivity of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in naturalistic clinical settings. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015 Nov [Epub ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0793-2 III. Eric Zander, Harald Sturm, & Sven Bölte. (2015). The added value of the combined use of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Diagnostic validity in a clinical Swedish sample of toddlers and young preschoolers. Autism, 19(2), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313516199 IV. Eric Zander, & Sven Bölte. (2015). The New DSM-5 Impairment Criterion: A Challenge to Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(11), 3634-3643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2512-8 </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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