2,245 research outputs found
A Relational Theory of Authorship
No full textOver the years we have heard the debate as to whether authorship emanates solely from the individual or from the cultural context in which they inhabit. Writers such as Professors Woodmansee, Jaszi and Cohen have asserted a cultural theory of authorship. On one hand, there is the liberal philosophy of autonomous creativity evidenced in the notion of a "romantic author" (after the period known as romanticism). On the other hand we have more of a communitarian notion – that the author acts in a cultural context and authorship to some extent must be linked back to the social existence within which the author is situated.\ud
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This article argues that for too long we have privileged the notion of the romantic author so much so that it is hard to argue for any other approach to copyright than one that focuses primarily on the author and their assignees such as publishers or associated commercialising agents such as recording companies. Furthermore it suggests that this approach fits awkwardly with the burgeoning networked society fuelled by the Internet to the point where it threatens innovation and the potential for productivity. To this end the article argues that we should more explicitly acknowledge the contribution of culture to authorship and more so the role of each and every individual in assisting and nurturing that authorship, as well as the contribution of users to creativity through consumptive, productive and transformative use of copyright works
Saving Rutgers Camden
No full textIn January 2012, Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey, announced that the Camden campus of Rutgers, the State University, was to be severed from Rutgers and taken over by Rowan University. Every major political force in the state, Democratic and Republican, elected and behind the scenes, lined up in support of the plan. Nevertheless, Rutgers-Camden faculty, students, administrators, alumni, and trustees, and their allies, vigorously fought the plan, convinced that it made no sense and would be devastating to the campus and higher education in the State more generally. The campaign opposing the merger with Rowan was popular and political, but it ultimately depended on powerful legal arguments grounded in Rutgers’ distinct and complex history. By the end of June, the merger idea had been defeated. As one assistant professor put it, “The bad guys got outmaneuvered by a bunch of nerds.”
This article is a scholarly effort by three faculty participants to make sense of the struggle to save Rutgers-Camden and put it in theoretical context. The article narrates the story of the fight over the proposed merger and carefully analyzes the legal constraints on the plan. It also links the story to important broader questions about legal pluralism, the public/private divide, the relationship between state universities and state governments, and competing visions of the modern university faculty. Through this combination of case study, legal argument, and conceptual inquiry, the article provides a cautionary but hopeful tale about the importance of academic communities defending sound public policy and their own historical rights to self determination against the machinations that can infect our political culture and legislative process.Please direct any questions about this deposit to Charlotte Schneider ([email protected])
Does cheating spread? The relation between observing academic dishonesty among peers and the self-reported cheating behaviors of undergraduate students
Get PDFEducation and Human Ecology: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Ensuring academic integrity is the goal of many educational researchers and practitioners. When social norms allow for cheating to be perceived as acceptable, then students are more likely to rationalize away the moral implications of academic dishonesty (e.g., adopt "neutralizing attitudes") and cheat themselves. Recent psychometric research has elaborated on past findings, with a new comprehensive measure of academic dishonesty being proposed and tested. This measure has distinguished four unique types of academically dishonest behaviors including collusion (e.g, working with other students illegitimately), plagiarism (e.g., copying others' work as one's own), fraud (e.g., falsifying or forging materials), and contract (e.g., hiring another to do work). The purpose of this study was to replicate past findings regarding the relations of peer social norms to academic dishonesty through neutralizing attitudes toward cheating with these novel measures of academic dishonesty. Self-reported cheating behaviors, observations of peers cheating, and neutralizing attitudes were assessed from a national representative sample of undergraduate college students. It was hypothesized that observations of peer cheating would predict all four types of self-reported cheating both directly and indirectly through neutralizing attitudes (e.g., statistical mediation). Findings supported the hypotheses and affirmed the role of peer social norms and psychological perceptions in predicting academic cheating. Further, findings supported the argument that academic dishonesty can be considered a multidimensional construct with four distinct types of cheating operating independently.No embarg
Broiler Farms' Organization, Management, and Performance
Get PDFThis study provides a comprehensive view of the organization, management, and financial performance of U.S. broiler farms. Using data from USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Study (ARMS, formerly known as the Farm Costs and Returns Survey), we examine farm size, financial structure, household income, management practices, and spousal participation in decision-making. We compare broiler operations with other farming enterprises and their earnings with that of the average U.S. household. Because most of the 7 billion broilers produced in the United States in 1995 were raised under contract, we also explore the use of contracts and the effects of contracting on the broiler sector.contracting, broilers, poultry, farm characteristics, farm income, farm operator characteristics, risk management strategies, Livestock Production/Industries,
Eric Voegelin's thought and its significance for political theology
Get PDFThe philosopher Eric Voegelin (1901-85) held that at the
heart of an adequate political philosophy must be a
philosophy of consciousness. This study discusses
Voegelin's thought in its significance for "political
theology", by which is understood that mode of theological
thinking which focuses on the relationship of
Christian faith to the pursuit of social justice.
The study falls into two parts. Part One is an exposition
of Voegelin's thought with the perspective of political theology continuously in mind. Chapter One justifies the choice of this perspective. There follow chapters an the symbol of the metaxy, which Voegelin takes from Plato and which is fundamental to his thought, and on the rational structure of symbols and their articulation. Then the modes of symbolic discourse most important for Voegelin are considered in turn: myth, classical philosophy, Christian theology, history, and politics. Part One finishes with a discussion of Voegelin's work on the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures.
Part Two concentrates on three topics central to the
concerns of Voegelin and political theologians alike.
Besides being intrinsically important, these topics
permit one to estimate how valuable is Voegelin's work as
a resource for political theology. The topics are the
relationship between individual and societal transformation;
the scope and limits of Christian hope for the attainment of a just social order within history; and the nature of political responsibility and irresponsibility in the light of faith. The thesis ends with a summary of its conclusions.
It is argued that Voegelin's thought offers a powerful
and constructive challenge to political theologians, but
that political theology in turn provides a vantage point
which reveals certain serious shortcomings in Voegelin's
powerful thought. In particular, it is argued that
Voegelin fails to articulate adequately the social
implications of his own philosophical principles
A Modification of the F Scale of the Mmpi
No full text Of the 64 items of the MMPI F scale, 41 were rewritten by three judges with a view toward reducing item ambiguity and reading difficulty. Scores on the revised ( F′) scale were significantly higher than those on the original scale ( F) in a total of 198 Ss from several colleges and a professional group. The test-retest reliability of the F′ scale was 88, whereas that of the F was .77. We feel that the revision of the scale may perhaps increase its reliability by reducing the communality of several items through an increase of the social desirability of deviant responses. </jats:p
Paying to Learn: The Effect of Financial Incentives on Elementary School Test Scores
Get PDFPolicymakers and academics are increasingly interested in applying financial incentives to individuals in education. This paper presents evidence from a pay for performance program taking place in Coshocton, Ohio. Since 2004, Coshocton has provided cash payments to students in grades three through six for successful completion of their standardized testing. Coshocton determined eligibility for the program using randomization, and using this randomization, this paper identifies the effects of the program on students' academic behavior. We find that math scores improved about 0.15 standard deviations but that reading, social science, and science test scores did not improve.
Basic computer literacy skills expected of students by instructors at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College
Get PDFPlan BThis study examined the basic computer literacy skills expected of first year students at Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College (WITC) in the Fall 2000 semester. Instructors at WITC were asked their current and future (2 year) expectations of entry-level students’ basic computer literacy skills through an online survey. The survey questionnaire followed the computer literacy classifications of Clyde (1997) in the following five areas: hardware or equipment, operating system, applications software, use of the information system, and using information contained within the system with a 5-point Likert scale response format. The study was conducted online. Each program instructor at WITC was sent an email describing this research along with a hyperlink to the questionnaire web page. UW-Stout Academic Computing Service processed the survey results for data analysis. Trends of current and future basic computer literacy skills expected of first year students are examined along with consideration for further studies
Modelling rock–water interactions in flooded underground coal mines, Northern Appalachian Basin
No full text
Inverse geochemical modelling was used to investigate rock–water interactions in flooded underground coal mines in northern Appalachia, USA. In early flooding, Pittsburgh seam mine waters are usually acidic (
c.
pH 3), with dissolved metals Fe and Al ranging from 10 to >100 mg l
−1
. Within a few decades, however, waters in fully flooded mines usually have pH of about 7 S.U., and alkalinity >300 mg l
−1
CaCO
3
Eq. Eh shifts from oxidizing (
c
. 500 to 700 mv) to reduced (−100 to −200 mv) conditions. Sodium concentrations may increase an order of magnitude; sulphate and iron concentrations may also increase. Water samples were collected from several mine-pools in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. A conceptual model was developed based on quantitative hydrology, mine-pool chemistry, mining conditions and mineralogy. The model was tested with the geochemical code PHREEQC. Simulations included mixing recharge and acid mine waters, precipitation–dissolution reactions involving carbonates, sulphates, oxy-hydroxides and sulphides, and ion adsorption and exchange. Na exchange was a dominant process in all models. Carbonates are orders of magnitude undersaturated in the juvenile mine-pool, but near saturation in the mature mine-pool, suggesting they are a primary source of acid neutralization and alkalinity. The mature mine-pool is simultaneously near equilibrium with iron sulphide, iron carbonate and iron oxy-hydroxide mineral phases. The rapid change in mine-pool water quality has substantial implications for management of these systems. Corresponding author [email protected]
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