1,720,971 research outputs found
Introduction to special issue
No full textICUC8, the 8th International Conference on Urban Climates held in conjunction with the 10th Symposium on the Urban Environment, was held in Dublin, Ireland from August 6th–10th 2012. ICUC8 was jointly organised by the International Association for Urban Climate (IAUC) and the American Meteorological Society’s Board of the Urban Environment. ICUC events are held on a three year cycle; ICUC7 was held in Yokohama, Japan in 2009 and ICUC9 will be held in Toulouse, France in 2015. ICUC8 was the largest conference devoted to urban climates to this point and there were nearly 500 papers and posters presented; the majority of these are in the conference proceedings, which are available online at the IAUC website (www.urban-climate.org). Separately, a report on the conference can be found in Urban News, the newsletter of the IAUC
Predicting air temperatures in city streets on the basis of measured reference data.
Full text linkKnowledge of site-specific conditions is essential for the development of an architectural design that responds to the local environment. However, while meteorological data are recorded by the weather service in stations that are assumed to be representative of the surrounding region, generally no account is made of changes in local conditions caused by urban development - though these may be substantial. Micro-climate in city streets can be predicted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with fine spatial resolution. However, CFD requires extremely detailed input, involves long computation times and is thus limited to simulating short periods. The aim of this project was to create a model capable of simulating weather conditions for extended periods, with simplified inputs and less detailed, yet accurate, outputs. The CAT (Canyon Air Temperature) computer model predicts site- pecific air temperature in a city street based on data from a rural reference station. In addition to a rudimentary description of the two sites, it requires only inputs measured at standard weather stations, yet is capable of predicting accurately the evolution of air temperature in all weather conditions for extended periods. It simulates the effects of urban geometry on radiant exchange; the effect of moisture availability on latent heat flux; energy stored in the ground and in building surfaces; air flow in the street based on wind above roof height; and the sensible heat flux from individual surfaces and from the street canyon as a whole. A monitoring program was carried out in Adelaide, South Australia, in which weather conditions were recorded continuously at two streets and at a reference location outside the city centre for nearly a year. In addition to providing data required to calibrate and to validate the CAT model, the measurements provided evidence of a substantial nocturnal heat island in the city, of up to 8.6 °C. The weather records also demonstrate the existence of an urban cool island during the daytime of up to 3.8 °C, the intensity of which is related to the diurnal temperature range. The CAT model may be used to generate realistic, site- pecific temperature inputs for building thermal simulation software, required to produce more accurate modelling of energy use. It may also be used to evaluate the effect on micro-climatic conditions of proposed development at new urban locations.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2005
The effect of increasing surface cover vegetation on urban microclimate and energy demand for building heating and cooling
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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