1,721,025 research outputs found
Quantifying land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation in Danang City, Vietnam: 1979-2009
No full textStudying temporal changes of land use and land cover (LULC) from satellite images has been conducted in Vietnam several years. However, few studies have been done to consider seriously the relationship between LULC changes and the fragmentation of landscape. Hence, analysing the changes of LULC and landscape pattern helps revealing the interactions between anthropogenic factors and the environment, through which planning actions could be effectively supported. The present study aimed to examine these changes in the surroundings of Danang City, Vietnam from 1979 to 2009 based on Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and ASTER satellite images. The Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD) approach was employed for processing and postclassification change detection, from which key landscape indices were applied by using FRAGSTATS. The results showed that during the whole study period, there was a notable decrease of forestland, shrub, agriculture and barren while urban areas expanded dramatically. Further spatial analysis by using landscape metrics underlined the evidence of changes in landscape characteristics with an increase in total number of patches and patch density while the mean patch area decreased during the span of 30 years. Consequently, the landscape structure of Danang city became more fragmented and heterogeneou
Quantifying land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation in Danang City, Vietnam: 1979-2009
No full textStudying temporal changes of land use and land cover (LULC) from satellite images has been conducted in Vietnam several years. However, few studies have been done to consider seriously the relationship between LULC changes and the fragmentation of landscape. Hence, analysing the changes of LULC and landscape pattern helps revealing the interactions between anthropogenic factors and the environment, through which planning actions could be effectively supported. The present study aimed to examine these changes in the surroundings of Danang City, Vietnam from 1979 to 2009 based on Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and ASTER satellite images. The Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD) approach was employed for processing and postclassification change detection, from which key landscape indices were applied by using FRAGSTATS. The results showed that during the whole study period, there was a notable decrease of forestland, shrub, agriculture and barren while urban areas expanded dramatically. Further spatial analysis by using landscape metrics underlined the evidence of changes in landscape characteristics with an increase in total number of patches and patch density while the mean patch area decreased during the span of 30 years. Consequently, the landscape structure of Danang city became more fragmented and heterogeneou
Network Analyses in Regional Health Care Research: Example of Dermatological Care in the Metropolitan Region of Hamburg,Netzwerkanalysen in der regionalen Versorgungsforschung: Das Beispiel der dermatologischen Versorgung in der Metropolregion Hamburg
No full textZiel der Studie: Übergeordnetes Ziel des Gesetzgebers ist es, eine „homogene“, flächendeckende und wohnortnahe medizinische Versorgung der Bevölkerung sicher zu stellen. Zur Beschreibung der regionalen Versorgungssituation kann der Versorgungsgrad (Bedarfsplanungs-Richtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses) herangezogen werden, allerdings kann er keine Auskunft über die Erreichbarkeit des bspw. nächstgelegenen Arztes geben. Hierzu eignen sich Netzwerkanalysen. Mittels eines Fallbeispiels werden anhand der regionalen dermatologischen Versorgungssituation in der Metropolregion Hamburg Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Netzwerkanalysen zur Analyse der regionalen Versorgungssituation vorgestellt. Methodik: Um die regionale dermatologische Versorgungssituation einordnen zu können, wurde zunächst der Versorgungsgrad berechnet. Für die anschließende Netzwerkanalyse mussten die Dermatologen (N=357) in der Metropolregion nach Standorten (N=303) zusammengefasst werden. Vor der Berechnung wurden u. a. die Adressdaten der Ärzte in Koordinaten umgewandelt und Vorschriften (z. B. Geschwindigkeiten) des Netzwerkes festgelegt. Die Berechnung der bevölkerungsbezogenen Anteile der Erreichbarkeit basierte auf der Einwohnerdichte, die mit den Ergebnissen der Netzwerkanalyse verschnitten wurde. Ergebnisse: Trotz einer insgesamt guten Versorgungssituation sind die Unterschiede in der Erreichbarkeit des nächsten Dermatologen in der Metropolregion beträchtlich. Das ist vor allem dann der Fall, wenn der ÖPNV als Verkehrsmittel dient. Landkreise in denen über 60% der Einwohner mit dem ÖPNV länger als eine Stunde zum nächsten Dermatologen benötigen, wurden identifiziert. Insbesondere ländlich geprägte Regionen innerhalb der Metropolregion sind hiervon betroffen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Netzwerkanalyse hat deutlich gemacht, dass die Wahl bzw. Verfügbarkeit des Verkehrsmittels in Kombination mit dem Wohnort (ländlich/städtisch) von wesentlicher Bedeutung für den Zugang zur Versorgung ist. Vor allem ältere, wenig-mobile Menschen auf dem Lande sind damit benachteiligt. Daraus lässt sich die Notwendigkeit moderner Versorgungsansätze, wie bspw. der Telemedizin ableiten, um die Versorgungssituation im ländlichen Raum optimieren zu können. Netzwerkanalysen können einen wertvollen methodischen Beitrag zur Analyse regionaler Versorgungsdisparitäten leisten und bestehende Instrumente, wie den Versorgungsgrad, sinnvoll ergänzen.One of the overall objectives of the legislator is to ensure an overall “homogeneous”, and easily accessible medical care for the population. The physician-patient ratio can be used to describe the regional health care situation. But this method does not provide information concerning the availability of, for instance, the nearest doctor. Therefore, further parameters such as accessibility must be taken into consideration. For this purpose, network analyses are an appropriate method. The objective of this study is to present methodological tools to evaluate the healthcare situation in the metropolitan region of Hamburg, primarily focusing on accessibility using dermatologists as an example. Methods: Analyzing data of 20 counties, the geographical distribution of N=357 dermatologists and the physician-patient ratio were calculated. In a second step, a network analysis regarding accessibility was performed. In order to calculate accessibility, address data (physicians) were transformed into coordinates, consisting of defined places (N=303) and restrictions (e. g. speed, turn restrictions) of the network. The calculation of population-based accessibility is based on grid cells for the population density. Results: Despite adequacy of the overall medical situation, differences in the availability of the nearest dermatologists in the metropolitan region are remarkable, particularly when use of public transport is taken into consideration. In some counties, over 60% of the population require at least one hour to get to the nearest dermatologist using public transportation. In rural regions within the metropolitan area are particularly affected. Conclusion: The network analysis has shown that the choice and availability of transportation in combination with the location (rural/urban) is essential for health care access. Especially elderly people in rural areas with restricted mobility are at a disadvantage. Therefore, modern health care approaches (e. g. telemedicine) are necessary to optimize the health care situation in rural areas. Network analyses can make a valuable methodological contribution to the analysis of regional health care disparities
Monitoring and registering of grassland and fallow fields with multitemporal ERS data within a district of Lower Saxony, Germany
No full textMonitoring and registering of grassland and fallow fields with multitemporal ERS data within a district of Lower Saxony, Germany
No full textSatellite-based prediciton of rainfall interception by tropical forest stands of a human-dominated landscape in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
No full textSatellite-based prediciton of rainfall interception by tropical forest stands of a human-dominated landscape in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Methods of analyzing regional dermatological care as exemplified by the city of Hamburg
No full textThe rural-urban divide is often linked to regional inequalities in healthcare. However, studies have also shown regional healthcare disparities within urban areas. To evaluate these studies, further parameters such as accessibility must be added to the standard criteria. The objective of this study was to present methodic tools for evaluating dermatological healthcare provision in Hamburg, primarily focusing on accessibility. Analyzing data from 97 districts, the geographical distribution of 101 dermatologists and the physician-patient ratio were determined. In a second step, network analysis regarding accessibility was performed. There are regional inequalities in Hamburg with respect to dermatological care. Depending on the district, the physician-patient ratio ranges from 44.9 % (undersupply) to > 500 % (oversupply). Similar differences exist regarding accessibility. Although 94.5 % of the population of Hamburg is able to reach the nearest dermatologist within ten minutes (by car), it may take more than 30 minutes depending on district and mode of transportation. Analysis of the physician-patient ratio reveals differences regarding dermatological care in Hamburg. However, results of the network analysis show that these differences do not significantly affect access to dermatological care. Therefore, network analysis should be used as an additional tool to evaluate regional healthcare provision. © 2015 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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