97 research outputs found
Changes in Job Stability and Job Security: A Collective Effort to Untangle, Reconcile, and Interpret the Evidence
No full textI synthesize and summarize a set of recent papers on changes in the employment relationship. The authors of these papers present the most up-to-date and accurate assessment of their evidence on changes in job stability and job security, and attempt to reconcile their evidence with the findings of other research, including the other papers discussed herein. Some of papers also begin to explore explanations of changes in the employment relationship. The evidence suggests that the 1990's witnessed some changes in the employment relationship consistent with weakened bonds between workers and firms. But the magnitudes of these changes indicate that while these bonds may have weakened, they have not been broken. Furthermore, the changes that occurred in the 1990's have not persisted very long. It is therefore premature to infer long-term trends towards declines in long-term employment relationships, and even more so to infer anything like the disappearance of long-term, secure jobs. The papers examining sources of changes in job stability and job security in the 1990's point to some potential explanations, including relative wage movements, growth in alternative employment relationships, and downsizing. However, with the possible exception of the first of these, this list does not encompass fundamental' or exogenous changes impacting the employment relationship, but rather to some extent suggests how various changes in the employment relationship may reinforce each other. Understanding the structural changes underlying empirical observations on changes in job stability and job security is likely to be a fruitful frontier for future research on the employment relationship.
Voicetracks
No full textMoved by Aboriginal or Indigenous understandings of tracks, Norie Neumark’s Voicetracks seeks to deepen understandings of voice through listening to a variety of media and contemporary art works from Australia, Europe, and the United States. The author aims to bring voice studies into conversation with new materialism to broaden thinking within both. Through a methodology based in listening, she brings theories of affect and carnal and situated knowledge into conversation with her examples and the theories she works with. Through her examples, Neumark engages with artists working with animal sounds and voices; voices of place, placed voices in installation works; voices of technology; and “unvoicing,” disturbances in the image/voice relationship and in the idea of what voice is. Neumark evokes both the literal—the actual voices within the works with which she engages—and the metaphorical—in a new materialist exploration of voice encompassing humans, animals, things, and assemblages. Not content with the often dry tone of academic writing, the author engages a “wayfaring” process that brings together theories from sound, animal, and posthuman studies in order to change the ways we think about and act with and within the assemblages of living creatures, things, places and histories around us. Finally, she considers ethics and politics, and describes how her own work has shaped her understandings and apprehensions of voice.</p
VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF NEGATIVE IONS BY STIMULATED RAMAN PUMPING
No full textE. de Beer, Y. Zhao, I. Yourshaw, and D. M. Neumark, Chem. Phys. Lett. 244, 400 (1995). M. R. Furlanetto, N. L. Pivonka, T. Lenzer, and D. M. Neumark, Chem. Phys. Lett., in preparation. S. E. Bradforth, A. Weaver, D. W. Arnold, R. B. Metz, and D. M. Neumark, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 7205 (1990).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaWe have been developing methods for studying the vibrational spectroscopy of Raman-active modes of gas-phase negative ions. Several years ago, we demonstrated that could be vibrationally excited by stimulated Raman pumping (SRP); in that study, we monitored the excitation by resonant two-photon detachment of the . Since then, we have been investigating other, more general methods by which we could monitor the success of SRP. Recently we have demonstrated that anion photoelectron spectroscopy can be used in conjunction with SRP for vibrational spectroscopy of . Currently, we are attempting to couple SRP with the vibrational predissociation of a weakly-bound reporter species; in particular, we are focusing on the and systems. Together, these methods constitute a quite general method for studying the vibrational spectroscopy of gas-phase negative ions. Ultimately, we hope to use the vibrationally excited ions produced by SRP to extend our studies of the transition states of neutral bimolecular reactions by the photodetachment of anion : for instance, by exciting the hydrogen-atom stretch in , we should be able to reach the transition state of the reaction by photodetachment
Mercado y fiscalidad : Los principios tributarios modernos y la Escuela de Salamanca
No full textLos sistemas fiscales condicionan las decisiones de los agentes privados. Es por ello por lo que su evolución y la de los principios que los rigen determinan en cierto grado el desarrollo económico. Los modernos sistemas fiscales existentes actualmente en los países desarrollados siguen, en líneas generales, los principios enunciados por el economista alemán Fritz Neumark. En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar cómo la evolución de esos principios puede remontarse hasta la Escuela de Salamanca, siglo XVI. Para ello realizamos un análisis comparativo con la finalidad de determinar qué principios tributarios modernos fueron adelantados por los teólogos- juristas de la Escuela de Salamanca. Los resultados muestran que al
menos la mitad de los dieciocho principios de Neumark ya eran conocidos por los escolásticos de la Escuela de Salamanca
Mercado y fiscalidad: los principios tributarios modernos y la Escuela de Salamanca
No full textLos sistemas fiscales condicionan las decisiones de los agentes privados. Es
por ello por lo que su evolución y la de los principios que los rigen determinan
en cierto grado el desarrollo económico. Los modernos sistemas fiscales
existentes actualmente en los países desarrollados siguen, en líneas
generales, los principios enunciados por el economista alemán Fritz Neumark.
En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar cómo la evolución de esos
principios puede remontarse hasta la Escuela de Salamanca, siglo XVI.
Para ello realizamos un análisis comparativo con la finalidad de determinar
qué principios tributarios modernos fueron adelantados por los teólogos-
juristas de la Escuela de Salamanca. Los resultados muestran que al
menos la mitad de los dieciocho principios de Neumark ya eran conocidos
por los escolásticos de la Escuela de Salamanca
Animal Tracks: Affect, Aesthetics, Ethics
No full textIn this chapter the author listens through new materialism to animals’ voices in various art assemblages. Theoretically, ethically, and politically, new materialism opens up a recognition of the specificity, singularity and entanglements of animals voices with others. The author brings a range of works into conversation with theories of affect, attunement, assemblage; becoming-animal and ventriloquism. The chapter traverses an enchanted terrain in which animal voices speak themselves and speak a variety of relationships with people, animals and things, in and out of assemblages. These voices in media and art works speak to and with animal studies and new materialism, bringing forth understandings that are enchanting, engaging, disturbing, and curious.</p
Technology and Machines Speak (for) Themselves
No full textIn this chapter the author attends to things as they voice themselves, focusing on mechanical and technological voices speaking (for) themselves—rather than mediating or carrying voices of others. She listens to insistent thingly voices, by attending to technology that itself speaks, speaks itself, voicing its own curious essence as it brings its own voice forcibly into the conversation. This includes loudspeakers and microphones that no longer humbly and quietly enable or transmit other voices, but voice themselves at the same time. The chapter also engages with works of sonification, a curious case of ‘as if’ a thing or force of nature is speaking but, the author proposes, is more about the voice of technology. The examples—including machines, from robots to toys to tattoo machines—attend to what they have to say about politics and economics as they speak of and for themselves.</p
PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF SOLVATED ELECTRONS IN LIQUID MICROJETS
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720The solvated electron is a bare electron in solution. Lacking any internal degrees of freedom, it can be thought of as the simplest possible quantum mechanical solute, thus this relative simplicity makes the solvated electron an excellent model system for studying chemistry in solution. Furthermore, the solvated electron has proven to be an important transient in radiation chemistry and biology where it acts as an extremely reactive reductant. Research in the Neumark group over the past 10 years has contributed much to the understanding of the solvated electron via the study of anionic solvent clusters, the gas-phase analogues of the bulk solvated electron. By extrapolation to the limit of infinite cluster size, these results have been used to infer the binding energies and internal conversion lifetimes of the solvated electron in various bulk solvent systems; however, some controversy exists over this extrapolation method. Liquid microjets allow us to test these extrapolations by direct investigation of the bulk solvated electron in the liquid phase. \vspace{10pt} First measurements of the vertical binding energy (VBE) of the solvated electron in water were performed in 2010 and are in remarkable agreement with the predictions from anionic water clusters. Investigations into the binding energies of the solvated electron in methanol, ethanol, and tetrahydrofuran are presented, which yield some surprising results. Like in water, results in tetrahydrofuran are consistent with the VBE extrapolated from the cluster data; however, in methanol the result is significantly different from the predicted value. Moving on from the vertical binding energy experiments, we are beginning a study of the dynamics of the electron in aqueous solution. There are three known timescales for the relaxation of the solvated electron following excitation to its single, bound excited state; however, the transient absorption experiments used to measure these timescales originally are unable to conclusively determine a relaxation mechanism. We propose to repeat these measurements using time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements are currently in progress and preliminary results are presented
What Do Business Climate Indexes Teach Us About State Policy and Economic Growth?
No full textState business climate indexes capture state policies that might affect economic growth. State rankings in these indexes vary wildly, raising questions about what the indexes measure and which policies are important for growth. Indexes focused on productivity do not predict economic growth, while indexes emphasizing taxes and costs predict growth of employment, wages, and output. Analysis of sub-indexes of the tax-and-cost-related indexes point to two policy factors associated with faster growth: less spending on welfare and transfer payments; and more uniform and simpler corporate tax structures. But factors beyond the control of policy have a stronger relationship with economic growth.
FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTRA OF CLUSTERS TRAPPED IN SOLID Ar
No full textG.R. Burton, C. Xu. C. Arnold, and D. Neumark, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2757 (1996)Author Institution: Department of Physics and Astronomy, TCUThe structures and vibrational fundamentals of clusters trapped in solid Ar are under investigation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. anions (n = 2-15) were studied earlier by , using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy. Tentative assignments were made for a fundamental vibration of each of and , although vibrational structure was unresolved for larger clusters. We present vibrational spectra obtained for species produced by laser ablation of pure germanium followed by trapping in an Ar matrix and compare the experimental observations with the predictions of density functional theory calculations
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