1,721,334 research outputs found
Competence-based social status modulates affective evaluation and dyadic motor coordination
No full textStatus is a key social dimension among human societies and is often conferred to those individuals that are perceived as more competent and skilled, especially in small groups. Previous findings suggest that status modulates several aspects of social cognition. However, little is known about the influence of social status on online dyadic motor coordination. In a first experiment (N = 26), participants were engaged in an interactive game with two fake players. We manipulated the scores achieved by the fake players so that one of them would rank first (high status) and the other would rank last (low status). Before and after the manipulation we measured participant’s implicit affective evaluation of the two players with a modified version of the Affective Misattribution Procedure (AMP) and explicit ratings of attractiveness, competence, intelligence and dominance after the manipulation. We found a decrease from the first to the second AMP session in the evaluation of the low status player, which was also rated as less competent and intelligent than the high status one, confirming the effectiveness of our manipulation. In a second experiment (N = 16), we tested the influence of social status on motor coordination by asking participants to synchronize with the two players (in a within-subjects design) to perform imitative or complementary reach-to grasp movements. Main results indicate that, only during complementary actions, participants achieved a better performance when interacting with the low status player compared to the high one suggesting that competence-based hierarchical status plays a role in interpersonal coordination
Contextual and social variables modulate aesthetic appreciation of bodily and abstract art stimuli
No full textDespite the increasing interest in the plasticity of aesthetic appreciation, we know comparatively little about the role of individuals' cultural (e.g. the appreciators' expertise) and of social emotional-cognitive (e.g. the social influence of people perceived as warm or competent) variables in modulating the appreciation process. In two experiments we investigated 1) whether people with different art-expertise are influenced differently by contextual (i.e. stimuli primed as art) and social (i.e. stimuli rated as beautiful by art-critics) information and 2) whether acknowledging the judgment of a person perceived as warm or as competent has a different influence on individuals' aesthetic appreciation of art works. Warmth and competence are two social dimensions of fundamental importance for categorizing others as in-group or out-group (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002). We found that insinuating that the observed works were pieces of art, highly appreciated by art critics, lead expert participants to judge the stimuli as more beautiful in comparison to when the very same stimuli were not preceded by any manipulation. Moreover, we found that both art-experts and non-experts rated the stimuli as more beautiful when they believed it to be highly appreciated by people perceived as warm vs people perceived as competent. These results provide novel information on the plasticity of aesthetics and pave the way to understanding how tastes and preferences in the domain of aesthetics can be influence
Social status shapes affective evaluation and dyadic motor interactions
No full textInterpersonal behaviours in human societies are deeply influenced by the hierarchical position (e.g. status) each agent occupies. Previous findings suggest that social status modulates different aspects of social cognition (e.g. attention, imitation and action perception). However, little is known about whether social status influences online dyadic motor interactions. In a first behavioural experiment (N = 26), we tested the effectiveness of a new status-inducing procedure (i.e. an interactive game with two fake players). Players’ status was induced by manipulating the achieved scores of the two fake players so that one of them would rank first (high status) and the other would rank last (low status). Before and after the manipulation we measured participant’s implicit affective evaluation of the two players with a modified version of the Affective Misattribution Procedure (AMP) and collected explicit ratings of the two players’ attractiveness, competence, intelligence and dominance after the manipulation. Testifying the effectiveness of our manipulation, we found a decrease from the first to the second AMP session associated to the low status player which was also rated as less competent and intelligent than the high status one. In a second kinematic experiment, we tested the effects of social status on motor interactions by asking participants to synchronize with the two players (in a within-subjects design) to perform imitative or complementary reach-to grasp movements. Preliminary results indicate that, only during complementary actions, participants achieved a better performance when interacting with the low status player compared to the high one suggesting that hierarchical status plays a role in interpersonal coordination
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Visuo-motor interference with a virtual partner is equally present in cooperative and competitive interactions
Full text linkAutomatic imitation of observed actions is thought to be a powerful mechanism, one that may mediate the reward value of interpersonal interactions, but that could also generate visuo-motor interference when interactions involve complementary movements. Since interpersonal coordination seems to be crucial both when cooperating and competing with others, the questions arises as to whether imitation—and thus visuo-motor interference—occurs in both scenarios. To address this issue, we asked human participants to engage in high- or low-interactive (Interactive or Cued condition, respectively), cooperative or competitive, joint reach-to-grasps with a virtual partner. More specifically, interactions occurred in: (i) a Cued condition, where participants simply adapted their movement timing to synchronize with (during cooperation) or anticipate (during competition) the virtual partner’s grasp; (ii) an Interactive condition requiring the same adaptation, as well as a real-time selection of their action according to the virtual character’s movement. To simulate a realistic human–human interaction, the virtual character would change its movement speed in consecutive trials according to participants’ behaviour. Results demonstrate that visuo-motor interference—as indexed by movement kinematics (higher maximum wrist height during complementary compared to imitative power grips)—emerge in both cooperative and competitive motor interactions only when predictions about the partner’s movements are needed to perform one’s own action (interactive condition). These results support the idea that simulative imitation is heavily present when individuals need to match their behaviours closel
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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