6 research outputs found
Systematising Associated Gas Flare Governance
Get PDFExisting associated gas flare governance research does not explicitly focus on its end-to-end systematisation as goals, instruments and processes. Besides, the existing research hardly connects barriers or traces the root origins of challenges to devise targeted policy solutions. This thesis provides an end-to-end systematisation of associated gas flare governance at the global and Nigerian levels to fill the knowledge gap. It raised significant concerns about barriers and traced root origins of barriers but offered targeted policy solutions.
The materials used comprised documents and expert interviews from five global associated gas flare governance initiatives, eight Nigerian governmental organisations and private sector partners including International Non-government Organisations with associated gas flare governance interest and responsibilities. The analyses were exploratory, descriptive, gauging and evaluative. Concept-driven, thematic, and narrative also supported the analysis to generate three significant findings.
First, a lack of intelligent coordination, steady communication and a mutual sense of direction lead to incoherent goals in associated gas flare governance. The policy solutions start with better orchestration and advocacy and could progress to a shared purpose of securing goal coherence.
Second, ineffective knowledge, market and normative instruments mean uncoordinated and ineffective instruments in associated gas flare governance. The policy solutions include better knowledge management, effective use of climate risk, accurate data and tackling high counterparty risk, supported by a collaborative standards development process.
Third, not knowing whom to collaborate with, a lack of enabling environment and capability means inefficient processes in associated gas flare governance. The suggested policy solutions include constant monitoring and evaluation of activities, enhancing regulatory clarity through national strategic implementation, and building capabilities through better coordinated global efforts.
The findings are relevant for actors looking to influence and shape associated flare gas governance. Overall, the barriers and root origins to a systematised associated gas flare governance may be relatively easier to tackle than other environmental governance barriers because the system is at a formative stage. The way forward is coordinated action at both levels with coherent goals linked to national priorities in associated gas flare governance. An implementation focus is needed to increase the implementation projects at 16,000 global flare sites
Bioremediation of heavy metal ions from contaminated soil and water by microbes: A review
No full textScientists all over the world are working tirelessly on the management of environmental toxicants and their control over the past two decades due to their injurious effects on plants, animals, and humans. These calcitrants released to the environment from both anthropogenic industries and natural sources can enter the food chain. The removal of such xenobiotic materials such as heavy metalsfrom the soil and water around industrial areas has received great attention nowadays globally. It is, therefore; against this backdrop that this review research was conducted solely to establish the potentials of microorganisms (algae, fungi, bacteria, and plants) in the bio-removal of heavy metals contaminated soils and water. The study revealed that the use of these microbes in the decontamination of the environment cannot be overemphasized hence cost-effective, eco-friendly, and available almost everywhere on planet earth
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among female sex workers in Nigeria Alta prevalência de hepatite pelo vírus B entre trabalhadoras do sexo feminino na Nigéria
Get PDFHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1%. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5%) and those with 'age-at-first-sex' below 10 years of age (28%) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile.A hepatite pelo vírus B (HBV) é infecção endêmica na Nigéria e constitui problema de saúde pública. A prevalência da infecção HBV em muitos grupos profissionais foi descrito na Nigéria. No entanto, a literatura da infecção HBV entre trabalhadoras do sexo feminino (FSW) na Nigéria é escasso. FSW na Nigéria não são submetidas a um controle preventivo de infecção de HBV. Este estudo avalia a extensão da disseminação de HBV entre FSW na Nigéria. Setecentos e vinte (n = 720) FSW (média de idade = 26,7 anos) foram testadas para antígeno de superfície da hepatite B (HBsAg) pelo método ELISA usando sandwich de duplos anticorpos. A prevalência total de HBV entre o FSW foi 17,1%. FSWs entre as idades de 31-35 anos (20,5%) e abaixo de 10 anos de idade (28%) foram mais afetadas. Esta alta prevalência de doença evitável pela vacinação é inaceitável, portanto, vacinação deste grupo de alto risco de HBV deve ser considerada fundamental
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among female sex workers in Nigeria
No full textA hepatite pelo vírus B (HBV) é infecção endêmica na Nigéria e constitui problema de saúde pública. A prevalência da infecção HBV em muitos grupos profissionais foi descrito na Nigéria. No entanto, a literatura da infecção HBV entre trabalhadoras do sexo feminino (FSW) na Nigéria é escasso. FSW na Nigéria não são submetidas a um controle preventivo de infecção de HBV. Este estudo avalia a extensão da disseminação de HBV entre FSW na Nigéria. Setecentos e vinte (n = 720) FSW (média de idade = 26,7 anos) foram testadas para antígeno de superfície da hepatite B (HBsAg) pelo método ELISA usando sandwich de duplos anticorpos. A prevalência total de HBV entre o FSW foi 17,1%. FSWs entre as idades de 31-35 anos (20,5%) e abaixo de 10 anos de idade (28%) foram mais afetadas. Esta alta prevalência de doença evitável pela vacinação é inaceitável, portanto, vacinação deste grupo de alto risco de HBV deve ser considerada fundamental.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1%. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5%) and those with \u27age-at-first-sex\u27 below 10 years of age (28%) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile
Estimates of human immunodeficiency virus incidence among female sex workers in north central Nigeria: implications for HIV clinical trials
No full textEvaluation of antifungal effect of Parkia biglobosa and Vitellaria paradoxa against selected pathogenic fungi
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of extracts of two plant species namely Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa against growth of some selected fungal species. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plant species were assessed against Aspergillus flavus, Candida albican and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. Phytochemical analysis of these plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and other secondary metabolites. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of aqueous extract of P. biglobosa was 150 mg mL-1 against both C. albican and A. flavus. On the other hand, ethanolic extract of this plant species had MFC of 300 mg mL-1 for A. flavus, while there was no MFC for C. albican. Likewise, aqueous extract of V. paradoxa also had same value of MFC against C. albican as well as A. flavus. Ethanolic extract of V. paradoxa had MFC of 150 and 300 mg mL-1 against C. albican and A. flavus, respectively. The combined aqueous extracts of these plant species showed MFC of 300 mg mL-1 against both the C. albican and A. flavus. By contrast, the mixture of ethanolic extracts had MIC of 150 mg mL-1 against C. albican, and no MFC for A. flavus
