1,720,961 research outputs found
Development of Colony Collapse Disorder in Honeybees in Schleswig-Holstein and its Relation to the Beekeeping Methods
Full text linkHoneybees have important functions in terrestrial ecosystems and for biodiversity through their pollination services. We also benefit from bee products such as honey and beeswax, which are used in a variety of industries, including bakery, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, water-proof polishes and candle making. Consequently, the increased number of honeybee losses, known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), will cause severe damage to ecosystems and our economy. Therefore, it has concerned many scientists and ecologists in recent years and affected many farmers and beekeepers. Although researchers have tried to determine the main causes of CCD in honeybees throughout the globe in the past decade, we still do not have sufficient knowledge of the actual factors that cause and increase death rates in honeybee colonies. On the other hand, most of the research being done in Germany on this issue is mainly focussed in the southern parts of the country. However, the weather conditions in the northern German coastal areas with often strong winds and relatively few sunny days for the honeybees to collect pollen or nectar differ significantly from those in southern Germany. Several research articles suggest the use of pesticides as one of the potential causes of bee mortality. Others also focus on pathogens and varroa destructor. However, due to the rise in the number of CCDs occurring worldwide, it seems less realistic to consider only one factor as the main cause. Therefore, an overview of all potential causes of death in honeybee colonies is provided and a combination of (synergistic) factors is identified as a means to weaken the bees' immune system. Hence, this dissertation focuses on the development of CCD in honeybees in Schleswig-Holstein, its main causes and its possible relation to beekeeping methods. The main questions asked in this dissertation are therefore: • Why are honeybees disappearing more often today than in the past? • How severe is the loss of the bee population in Northern Germany? • Is the crisis of bee mortality related to beekeeping methods? • Is there a way to decrease the losses? 9 For this matter, the following research project is based on firstly, a comparative study of the development of all the potential causes of CCD in bees in Schleswig-Holstein, including the background history of beekeeping in the region. Secondly, an evaluation and analysis of qualitative questionnaires will help to discuss the progress and the estimated causes of CCD in this area. For this research project, up-to-date data from local beekeepers are needed to analyze the recent development of colony collapse disorder in honeybees in the region. Furthermore, common local beekeeping methods and management trends could be easily patterned using a questionnaire. Finally, specific problems, requests, wishes and needs of beekeepers could be identified. Therefore, with the help of a several new and old local beekeepers from the region, a questionnaire with 21 questions was designed to add their field of interest. This survey is divided into two parts: in the first part, general questions about beekeepers, such as number of beehives and their equipment, and the second part, technical questions about deeper beekeeping methods, bee losses, issues and requests that include different perspectives on the topic. However, they are primarily focused on the main research hypothesis, beekeeping methods and bee losses. Finally, some methods and factors will be suggested to reduce or cut the losses of honeybees and to improve the general situation of honeybees in natural and man-made ecosystems. Despite the growing loss of honeybee colonies in recent decades, there is hope to put an end to this issue by understanding the main causes of this phenomenon at the local scale and eliminating these factors by improving the beekeeping and management methods and maintaining biological pest-control targets
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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