1,720,966 research outputs found
Bullseye! How power improves motor performance
No full textPower makes people think, feel, and behave in ways that help them to maintain and increase power. Thus far, the mechanisms underlying power’s beneficial effects on goal pursuit have been investigated predominantly on a cognitive level. The present research tested whether power influences goal pursuit in an even more fundamental way, namely by improving actual behavior on motor-based tasks. Furthermore, we suggest that this effect is produced by changes in perceptual goal representation. Consistent with our assumptions, Experiment 1 found that individuals primed with high-power outperformed control participants on a golf-putting task. In Experiment 2, individuals receiving a high-power prime outperformed individuals receiving a low-power prime on a dart-throwing task. Moreover, high-power primed participants represented the focal goal (a dart board) in greater goal-relevant detail, which mediated the effect of power on motor performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that power shapes performance in more fundamental ways than previously assumed
When relevance matters: anchoring effects can be larger for relevant than for irrelevant anchors
No full textStudies on anchoring effects indicate that judgments can be biased by previous comparisons to high- or low-anchor values. Anchoring effects have been demonstrated in many domains and they have been found both for relevant anchors that provide partially valid information concerning the assessed target as well as for irrelevant anchors that clearly don't. Based on previous findings it has been argued that anchoring effects are independent of the relevance of the anchor. In research on multiple-cue inferences it has, however, been found that individuals are highly sensitive to the relevance (validity) of cues. In two studies on sentencing decisions we show that relevant anchors influence sentencing decisions to a larger degree than irrelevant ones. We consistently find an effect of relevance for high anchors. Results still remain a bit mixed since the effect of relevance did not hold for low anchors that were introduced in the second study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Projektgruppen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Full text linkProjektgruppen werden seit den 70er Jahren mit wechselnden Erfolgen als so genannte ergänzende Struktur in der staatlichen Verwaltung eingesetzt. In einer Bestandsaufnahme ging es um die einschlägigen Erfahrungen mit dieser Arbeitsform.
Der Verbreitungsgrad von Projektgruppen ist in der Ministerialverwaltung und den Rechnungshöfen mit 86 % sehr hoch und die Zufriedenheit mit deren Arbeitsergebnissen deutlich gegeben. Auch wird Projektgruppen überwiegend ein hohes Veränderungspotential in Bezug auf die Modernisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung zugetraut. Trotzdem machen mangelnde Freistellung, kein eigenes Projektbudget, unklare Delegationsmöglichkeiten, keine schriftlichen Projektvereinbarungen und zu wenig spezifisch ausgebildete Projektmitarbeiter vielen Projektgruppen das Leben schwer.
Es gibt einen deutlichen Zusammenhang zwischen der Qualität der Rahmenbedingungen und der Bereitschaft, sich in der Projektgruppe zu engagieren: Projektgruppen, die unter guten Rahmenbedingungen arbeiten, werden von ihren Projektgruppenleitern als engagierter Jagenommen.
Projektgruppenleiter werden hierbei in der Praxis häufig nach anderen als nach allgemein bekannten und auch als sinnvoll anerkannten Auswahlkriterien bestimmt.
Projektgruppenmitglieder leben in der Unsicherheit, ob ihre Projektgruppenarbeit eigentlich karriereförderlich oder gar karrierehinderlich ist; ob die Projektgruppe gar ein Abstellgleis ist.
Ein ungedeckter Unterstützungsbedarf besteht vor allem in Bezug auf weiterführende Fortbildungsangebote zu speziellen Problemen von Projektgruppen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung, Projektcoaching, Supervision, Möglichkeiten für einen gezielten Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen Projektgruppen und praxisorientierte Projektleitfäden. Aufgabenfelder, an denen eine Optimierung von Projektgruppenarbeit in der öffentlichen Verwaltung gezielt und erfolgreich ansetzen könnte, werden somit unmittelbar deutlich
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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