262,902 research outputs found
Psychophysiological responsivity to script-driven imagery: an exploratory study of the effects of eye movements on public speaking flashforwards
No full textA principle characteristic of public speaking anxiety relates to intrusive mental images of potential future disasters. Previous research has found that the self-reported emotionality of such “flashforwards” can be reduced by a cognitively demanding, dual-task (e.g., making eye movements) performed whilst holding the mental image in-mind. The outcome measure in these earlier studies was participants’ self-reported emotional intensity of the mental image. The current study (N = 34) explored whether an objective measure of emotionality would yield similar results in students with public speaking anxiety. A script-driven imagery procedure was used to measure psychophysiological responsivity to an audio script depicting a feared (public speaking) scenario before and after an eye movement intervention. Relative to the control condition (imagery only), those who made eye movements whilst holding a mental image of this scenario in-mind demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate, which acted as a measure of emotionality. These findings add to a previous body of research demonstrating the beneficial qualities of dual-tasks and their potential for treatment of both past and future-oriented anxieties. Keywords: flashforwards, eye movements, experiment, heart rate, anxiety, dual-task Citation: Kearns M and Engelhard IM (2015) Psychophysiological responsivity to script-driven imagery: an exploratory study of the effects of eye movements on public speaking flashforwards. Front. Psychiatry 6:115. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00115 Received: 31 October 2014; Accepted: 31 July 2015; Published: 14 August 2015 Edited by: Julie Krans, University of Leuven, Belgium Reviewed by: David G. Pearson, University of Aberdeen, UK Franck Salomé, University of Nantes, France Copyright: © 2015 Kearns and Engelhard. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. *Correspondence: Iris M. Engelhard, Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands, [email protected] †Present address: Michelle Kearns, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland Write a comment... Add People also looked at Understanding help-seeking amongst university students: the role of group identity, stigma, and exposure to suicide and help-seeking Michelle Kearns, Orla T. Muldoon, Rachel M. Msetfi and Paul W. G. Surgenor Family identification: a beneficial process for young adults who grow up in homes affected by parental intimate partner violence Catherine M. Naughton, Aisling T. O’Donnell and Orla T. Muldoon A Retrospective Review of CyberKnife Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Adrenal Tumors (Primary and Metastatic): Winthrop University Hospital Experience Amishi Desai, Hema Rai, Jonathan Haas, Matthew Witten, Seth Blacksburg and Jeffrey G. Schneider Barriers to Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Eastern Nepal Krishna Kumar Deo, Yuba Raj Paudel, Resham Bahadur Khatri, Ravi Kumar Bhaskar, Rajan Paudel, Suresh Mehata and Rajendra Raj Wagle Commentary: “Consistent Superiority of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Over Placebo in Reducing Depressed Mood in Patients with Major Depression” Eiko I. Fried, Lynn Boschloo, Claudia D. van Borkulo, Robert A. Schoevers, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Marieke Wichers, Peter de Jonge, Randolph M. Nesse, Francis Tuerlinckx and Denny Borsboom The Case for Making Health Care Advocacy a Discipline of Medicine; The Paradigm of a Vascular Patient Elias J. Arbid and Ibrahim G. Eid Unbiased Decoding of Biologically Motivated Visual Feature Descriptors Michael Felsberg, Kristoffer Öfjäll and Reiner Lenz Considerations for the Optimization of Induced White Matter Injury Preclinical Models Abdullah Shafique Ahmad, Irawan Satriotomo, Jawad Fazal, Stephen E. Nadeau and Sylvain Doré Differentiating Burnout from Depression: Personality Matters! Martin Christoph Melchers, Thomas Plieger, Rolf Meermann and Martin Reuter Non-Neuronal Acetylcholine: The Missing Link Between Sepsis, Cancer, and Delirium? Adonis Sfera, Michael Cummings and Carolina Osorio Editorial: Cognition Across the Psychiatric Disorder Spectrum: From Mental Health to Clinical Diagnosis Caroline Gurvich and Susan L. Rossel
Von und durch Neid erzählen. Rhetoriken des Neids in Konrads <i>Engelhard</i>
No full textIn academic debates of the 12th and 13th centuries, accusing one’s opponent of envy became a widespread feature. In the tradition of Roman literature, which connected virtus and invidia, the envy-reproach device was used to discredit critics as well as to strengthen one’s own position in intellectual discussions. This ‘rhetoric of envy’ was soon taken up in vernacular literature. Existing research has shown that envy was invoked in prologues and epilogues as a means for an author to secure a favorable reception of his work. This essay argues that envy was also used to direct the reader’s understanding of the histoire. By examining how and when the narrator talks about envy in Konrad’s Engelhard, I aim to show that envy reshapes the ethics of the narrative: In the trial scene, truthful accusations are transformed into envious speech acts. Envy shifts attention from the transgression of the protagonist to the moral failure of the antagonist. To conclude, I suggest the wider relevance of this special form of strategic narration by comparing Engelhard with other texts that involve the trial of a protagonist
Automatization and familiarity in repeated checking
No full textRepetitive, compulsive-like checking of an object leads to reductions in memory confidence, vividness, and detail. Experimental research suggests that this is caused by increased familiarity with perceptual characteristics of the stimulus and automatization of the checking procedure (Dek, van den Hout, Giele, & Engelhard, 2014). This suggests that defamiliarization by modifying perceptual characteristics of the stimulus will result in de-automatization and attenuation of the meta-memory effects. However, this was not found (Dek et al., 2014), but the manipulation may have been too weak. In two experiments, the present investigation examined whether modification of the defamiliarization procedure (i.e., enlarging the amount of color alterations of the stimuli) would result in de-automatization and attenuation of the metamemory effects. Undergraduates performed a checking task, in which they activated, de-activated, and checked stimuli. Meta-memory was rated after a pre- and post-test checking trial. Simultaneously, automatization of checking was measured with a reaction time task during the pre- and post-test checking trial. In the reaction time task participants responded as quickly as possible to tones. In both experiments, perseverative checking reduced memory confidence, vividness, and detail, and led to automatization of checking behavior. In Experiment I, moderate defamiliarization led to de-automatization, but did not attenuate meta-memory effects of checking. In Experiment II, strong defamiliarization did not lead to de-automatization, but did reduce the detrimental effects of re-checking on memory confidence and vividness. This research suggests that automatization is a potential mechanism underlying the paradoxical phenomenon of perseveration leading to memory uncertainty
Von und durch Neid erzählen: Rhetoriken des Neids in Konrads Engelhard
No full textIn academic debates of the 12th and 13th centuries, accusing one’s opponent of envy became a widespread feature. In the tradition of Roman literature, which connected virtus and invidia, the envy-reproach device was used to discredit critics as well as to strengthen one’s own position in intellectual discussions. This ‚rhetoric of envy‘ was soon taken up in vernacular literature. Existing research has shown that envy was invoked in prologues and epilogues as a means for an author to secure a favorable reception of his work. This essay argues that envy was also used to direct the reader’s understanding of the histoire. By examining how and when the narrator talks about envy in Konrad’s Engelhard, I aim to show that envy reshapes the ethics of the narrative: In the trial scene truthful accusations are transformed into envious speech acts. Envy shifts attention from the transgression of the protagonist to the moral failure of the antagonist. To conclude, I suggest the wider relevance of this special form of strategic narration by comparing Engelhard with other texts that involve the trial of a protagonist
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Eye for detail: Local versus global visual processing style predicts the development of re-experiences after analogue trauma
No full textCognitive theories of posttraumatic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) posit that cognitive processing during a traumatic event plays a role in the development of intrusive trauma memories. Altered attentional processes would result in dominant perceptual processing, leading to vivid, intrusive memories, i.e., re-experiences. However, peritraumatic processing may be determined by a general attentional processing style. Thus, a pre-existing processing style might also affect memory formation. This study investigated whether two attentional processing styles (local and global processing preference) predicted the development of re-experiences after analogue trauma. Healthy participants completed measures for neuroticism and reappraisal and executed the emotional Local-Global Processing task, measuring relative preference for local versus global processing of visual stimuli. The next day, they watched an aversive film and indicated peri-film mood and subjective control. PTSD symptoms were assessed one week later. A relative preference for local processing independently predicted re-experiences of the film. Moreover, it was associated with less reappraisal and with less perceived control and more horror during the film. The results are a first step in exploring the role of pre-trauma cognitive processing styles in encoding and memory (re)consolidatio
Retrieving and Modifying Traumatic Memories: Recent Research Relevant to Three Controversies
No full textThe purpose of this article is to review recent research that is relevant to three controversies concerning memory for trauma. First, we briefly review the debate about recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, summarizing a third interpretation distinct from both the repression and false-memory accounts. Second, we address new findings related to claims that memories of trauma, especially in people with posttraumatic stress disorder, are especially fragmented and disorganized. Third, we discuss research designed to test whether eye movements in eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy are effective
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
